1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 6, 1993
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.Dt PASSWD 1
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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1995-08-13 17:07:36 +01:00
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.Nm passwd, yppasswd
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1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
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.Nd modify a user's password
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm passwd
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.Op Fl l
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.Op Ar user
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1996-08-25 00:27:04 +01:00
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.Nm yppasswd
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.Op Fl l
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.Op Fl y
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.Op Fl d Ar domain
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.Op Fl s Ar host
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.Op Fl o
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1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Passwd
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1996-02-12 02:32:40 +00:00
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changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password. First, the user is prompted for their
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1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
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current password.
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If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is
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requested.
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The new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors.
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.Pp
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The new password should be at least six characters long and not
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purely alphabetic.
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Its total length must be less than
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.Dv _PASSWORD_LEN
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(currently 128 characters).
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Numbers, upper case letters and meta characters
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are encouraged.
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.Pp
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Once the password has been verified,
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.Nm passwd
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communicates the new password information to
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the Kerberos authenticating host.
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl l
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This option causes the password to be updated only in the local
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password file, and not with the Kerberos database.
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When changing only the local password,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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is used to update the password databases.
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.El
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.Pp
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To change another user's Kerberos password, one must first
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run
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.Xr kinit 1
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followed by
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.Xr passwd 1 .
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The super-user is not required to provide a user's current password
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if only the local password is modified.
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1995-08-13 17:07:36 +01:00
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.Sh NIS INTERACTION
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.Nm Passwd
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has built-in support for NIS. If a user exists in the NIS password
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database but does not exist locally,
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.Nm passwd
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automatically switches into ``yppasswd'' mode. If the specified
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user does not exist in either the local password database of the
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NIS password maps,
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.Nm passwd
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returns an error.
|
Merge in changes to support the new rpc.yppasswdd(8) and fix a few bugs.
In passwd(1):
- Gut most of yp_passwd.c and leave only a few things that aren't common
to pw_yp.c.
- Add support for -d and -h flags to select domains and NIS server hosts
to use when updating NIS passwords. This allows passwd(1) to be used
for changing NIS passwords from machines that aren't configured as
NIS clients. (This is mostly to allow passwd(1) to work on NIS master
servers that aren't configured as clients -- an NIS server need not
necessarily be configured as a client itself.)
NOTE: Realize that having the ability to specify a domain and hostname
lets you use passwd(1) (and chpass(1) too) to submit update requests
to yppasswd daemons running on remote servers in remote domains which
you may not even be bound to. For example, my machine at home is not
an NIS client of the servers on the network that I manage, yet I can
easily change my password at work using my FreeBSD box at home by doing:
'passwd -d work.net.domain -h any.nis.server.on.my.net wpaul'. (Yes,
I do use securenets at work; temporarily modified my securenets file
to give my home system access.) Some people may not be too thrilled
with this idea. Those who don't like this feature can recompile passwd(1)
and chpass(1) with -DPARANOID to restrict the use of these flags to
the superuser.
(Oh, I should be adding proper securenets support to ypserv(8) and
rpc.yppasswdd(8) over the weekend.)
- Merge in changes to allow root on the NIS master server to bypass
authentication and change any user's NIS password. (The super-user
on the NIS master already has privileges to do this, but doing it
through passwd(1) is much easier than updating the maps by hand.)
Note that passwd(1) communicates with rpc.yppasswdd(8) via a UNIX
domain socket instead of via standard RPC/IP in this case.
- Update man page.
In chpass(1):
- Fix pw_yp.c to work properly in environments where NIS client
services aren't available.
- Use realloc() instead of malloc() in copy_yp_pass() and copy_local_pass().
- Fix silly bug in copy_yp_pass(); some of the members of the passwd
structure weren't being filled in correctly. (This went unnoticed
for a while since the old yppasswdd didn't allow changes to the
fields that were being botched.)
- chpass(1) now also allows the superuser on the NIS master server to
make unrestricted changes to any user's NIS password information.
- Use UNIX domain comm channel to rpc.yppasswdd(8) when run by the
superuser on the NIS master. This allows several new things:
o superuser can update an entire master.passwd.{byname,byuid} entry
o superuser can update records in arbitrary domains using -d flag to
select a domain (before you could only change the default domain)
o superuser can _add_ records to the NIS master.passwd maps, provided
rpc.yppasswdd(8) has been started with the -a flag (to do this,
the superuser must force NIS operation by specifying the -y flag
to chpass(1) along with -a, i.e. 'chpass -y -a 'foo:::::::::')
- Back out the 'chpass -a <new password entry> breaks with NIS' fix
from the last revision and fix it properly this time. The previous
revision fixed the immediate problem but broke NIS operation in
some cases.
- In edit.c, be a little more reasonable about deciding when to
prevent the shell field from being changed.
Submitted by Charles Owens <owensc@enc.edu>, who said:
"I made a minor (one-line) modification to chpass, with regards
to whether or not it allows the changing of shells. In the 2.0.5 code,
field changing follows the settings specified in the "list" structure
defined in table.c . For the shell, though, this is ignored. A quick
look in edit.c showed me why, but I don't understand why it was written as
such. The logic was
if shell is standard shell, allow changing
I changed it to
if shell changing is allowed (per table.c) and it is a standard shell
OR if uid=0, then allow changing."
Makes sense to me.
- Update man page.
1996-02-23 16:08:59 +00:00
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.Pp
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When changing an NIS password, unprivileged users are required to provide
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their old password for authentication (the
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.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
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daemon requires the original password before
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it will allow any changes to the NIS password maps).
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This restriction applies even to the
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super-user, with one important exception: the password authentication is
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bypassed for the super-user on the NIS master server. This means that
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the super-user on the NIS master server can make unrestricted changes to
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anyone's NIS password. The super-user on NIS client systems and NIS slave
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servers still needs to provide a password before the update will be processed.
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.Pp
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1995-08-13 17:07:36 +01:00
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The following additional options are supported for use with NIS:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl y
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The
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.Fl y
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flag overrides
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.Nm passwd 's
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checking heuristics and forces
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it into NIS mode.
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.It Fl l
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When NIS is enabled, the
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.Fl l
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flag can be used to force
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.Nm passwd
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into ``local only'' mode. This flag can be used to change the entry
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for a local user when an NIS user exists when the same login name.
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For example, you will sometimes find entries for system ``placeholder''
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users such as
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.Pa bin
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or
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.Pa daemon
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in both the NIS password maps and the local user database. By
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default,
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.Nm passwd
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will try to change the NIS password. The
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.Fl l
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flag can be used to change the local password instead.
|
Merge in changes to support the new rpc.yppasswdd(8) and fix a few bugs.
In passwd(1):
- Gut most of yp_passwd.c and leave only a few things that aren't common
to pw_yp.c.
- Add support for -d and -h flags to select domains and NIS server hosts
to use when updating NIS passwords. This allows passwd(1) to be used
for changing NIS passwords from machines that aren't configured as
NIS clients. (This is mostly to allow passwd(1) to work on NIS master
servers that aren't configured as clients -- an NIS server need not
necessarily be configured as a client itself.)
NOTE: Realize that having the ability to specify a domain and hostname
lets you use passwd(1) (and chpass(1) too) to submit update requests
to yppasswd daemons running on remote servers in remote domains which
you may not even be bound to. For example, my machine at home is not
an NIS client of the servers on the network that I manage, yet I can
easily change my password at work using my FreeBSD box at home by doing:
'passwd -d work.net.domain -h any.nis.server.on.my.net wpaul'. (Yes,
I do use securenets at work; temporarily modified my securenets file
to give my home system access.) Some people may not be too thrilled
with this idea. Those who don't like this feature can recompile passwd(1)
and chpass(1) with -DPARANOID to restrict the use of these flags to
the superuser.
(Oh, I should be adding proper securenets support to ypserv(8) and
rpc.yppasswdd(8) over the weekend.)
- Merge in changes to allow root on the NIS master server to bypass
authentication and change any user's NIS password. (The super-user
on the NIS master already has privileges to do this, but doing it
through passwd(1) is much easier than updating the maps by hand.)
Note that passwd(1) communicates with rpc.yppasswdd(8) via a UNIX
domain socket instead of via standard RPC/IP in this case.
- Update man page.
In chpass(1):
- Fix pw_yp.c to work properly in environments where NIS client
services aren't available.
- Use realloc() instead of malloc() in copy_yp_pass() and copy_local_pass().
- Fix silly bug in copy_yp_pass(); some of the members of the passwd
structure weren't being filled in correctly. (This went unnoticed
for a while since the old yppasswdd didn't allow changes to the
fields that were being botched.)
- chpass(1) now also allows the superuser on the NIS master server to
make unrestricted changes to any user's NIS password information.
- Use UNIX domain comm channel to rpc.yppasswdd(8) when run by the
superuser on the NIS master. This allows several new things:
o superuser can update an entire master.passwd.{byname,byuid} entry
o superuser can update records in arbitrary domains using -d flag to
select a domain (before you could only change the default domain)
o superuser can _add_ records to the NIS master.passwd maps, provided
rpc.yppasswdd(8) has been started with the -a flag (to do this,
the superuser must force NIS operation by specifying the -y flag
to chpass(1) along with -a, i.e. 'chpass -y -a 'foo:::::::::')
- Back out the 'chpass -a <new password entry> breaks with NIS' fix
from the last revision and fix it properly this time. The previous
revision fixed the immediate problem but broke NIS operation in
some cases.
- In edit.c, be a little more reasonable about deciding when to
prevent the shell field from being changed.
Submitted by Charles Owens <owensc@enc.edu>, who said:
"I made a minor (one-line) modification to chpass, with regards
to whether or not it allows the changing of shells. In the 2.0.5 code,
field changing follows the settings specified in the "list" structure
defined in table.c . For the shell, though, this is ignored. A quick
look in edit.c showed me why, but I don't understand why it was written as
such. The logic was
if shell is standard shell, allow changing
I changed it to
if shell changing is allowed (per table.c) and it is a standard shell
OR if uid=0, then allow changing."
Makes sense to me.
- Update man page.
1996-02-23 16:08:59 +00:00
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.It Fl d Ar domain
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Specify what domain to use when changing an NIS password. By default,
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.Nm passwd
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assumes that the system default domain should be used. This flag is
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primarily for use by the superuser on the NIS master server: a single
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NIS server can support multiple domains. It is also possible that the
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domainname on the NIS master may not be set (it is not necessary for
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an NIS server to also be a client) in which case the
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.Nm passwd
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command needs to be told what domain to operate on.
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.It Fl s Ar host
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Specify the name of an NIS server. This option, in conjunction
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with the
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.Fl d
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option, can be used to change an NIS password on a non-local NIS
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server. When a domain is specified with the
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.Fl d
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option and
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.Nm passwd
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is unable to determine the name of the NIS master server (possibly because
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the local domainname isn't set), the name of the NIS master is assumed to
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be ``localhost''. This can be overriden with the
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.Fl s
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flag. The specified hostname need not be the name of an NIS master: the
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name of the NIS master for a given map can be determined by querying any
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NIS server (master or slave) in a domain, so specifying the name of a
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slave server will work equally well.
|
1995-08-13 17:07:36 +01:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
Merge in changes to support the new rpc.yppasswdd(8) and fix a few bugs.
In passwd(1):
- Gut most of yp_passwd.c and leave only a few things that aren't common
to pw_yp.c.
- Add support for -d and -h flags to select domains and NIS server hosts
to use when updating NIS passwords. This allows passwd(1) to be used
for changing NIS passwords from machines that aren't configured as
NIS clients. (This is mostly to allow passwd(1) to work on NIS master
servers that aren't configured as clients -- an NIS server need not
necessarily be configured as a client itself.)
NOTE: Realize that having the ability to specify a domain and hostname
lets you use passwd(1) (and chpass(1) too) to submit update requests
to yppasswd daemons running on remote servers in remote domains which
you may not even be bound to. For example, my machine at home is not
an NIS client of the servers on the network that I manage, yet I can
easily change my password at work using my FreeBSD box at home by doing:
'passwd -d work.net.domain -h any.nis.server.on.my.net wpaul'. (Yes,
I do use securenets at work; temporarily modified my securenets file
to give my home system access.) Some people may not be too thrilled
with this idea. Those who don't like this feature can recompile passwd(1)
and chpass(1) with -DPARANOID to restrict the use of these flags to
the superuser.
(Oh, I should be adding proper securenets support to ypserv(8) and
rpc.yppasswdd(8) over the weekend.)
- Merge in changes to allow root on the NIS master server to bypass
authentication and change any user's NIS password. (The super-user
on the NIS master already has privileges to do this, but doing it
through passwd(1) is much easier than updating the maps by hand.)
Note that passwd(1) communicates with rpc.yppasswdd(8) via a UNIX
domain socket instead of via standard RPC/IP in this case.
- Update man page.
In chpass(1):
- Fix pw_yp.c to work properly in environments where NIS client
services aren't available.
- Use realloc() instead of malloc() in copy_yp_pass() and copy_local_pass().
- Fix silly bug in copy_yp_pass(); some of the members of the passwd
structure weren't being filled in correctly. (This went unnoticed
for a while since the old yppasswdd didn't allow changes to the
fields that were being botched.)
- chpass(1) now also allows the superuser on the NIS master server to
make unrestricted changes to any user's NIS password information.
- Use UNIX domain comm channel to rpc.yppasswdd(8) when run by the
superuser on the NIS master. This allows several new things:
o superuser can update an entire master.passwd.{byname,byuid} entry
o superuser can update records in arbitrary domains using -d flag to
select a domain (before you could only change the default domain)
o superuser can _add_ records to the NIS master.passwd maps, provided
rpc.yppasswdd(8) has been started with the -a flag (to do this,
the superuser must force NIS operation by specifying the -y flag
to chpass(1) along with -a, i.e. 'chpass -y -a 'foo:::::::::')
- Back out the 'chpass -a <new password entry> breaks with NIS' fix
from the last revision and fix it properly this time. The previous
revision fixed the immediate problem but broke NIS operation in
some cases.
- In edit.c, be a little more reasonable about deciding when to
prevent the shell field from being changed.
Submitted by Charles Owens <owensc@enc.edu>, who said:
"I made a minor (one-line) modification to chpass, with regards
to whether or not it allows the changing of shells. In the 2.0.5 code,
field changing follows the settings specified in the "list" structure
defined in table.c . For the shell, though, this is ignored. A quick
look in edit.c showed me why, but I don't understand why it was written as
such. The logic was
if shell is standard shell, allow changing
I changed it to
if shell changing is allowed (per table.c) and it is a standard shell
OR if uid=0, then allow changing."
Makes sense to me.
- Update man page.
1996-02-23 16:08:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Fl o
|
|
|
|
|
Do not automatically override the password authentication checks for the
|
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|
super-user on the NIS master server; assume 'old' mode instead. This
|
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|
|
flag is of limited practical use but is useful for testing.
|
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
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|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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|
The user database
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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|
A Version 7 format password file
|
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.It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
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Temporary copy of the password file
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr kerberos 1 ,
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.Xr kinit 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr kpasswdd 8 ,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Rs
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.%A Robert Morris
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.%A Ken Thompson
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.%T "UNIX password security"
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.Re
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1995-08-13 17:07:36 +01:00
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.Sh NOTES
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The
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.Xr yppasswd 1
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command is really only a link to
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.Nm passwd .
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1994-05-27 13:33:43 +01:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm passwd
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command appeared in
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.At v6 .
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