freebsd-src/sbin/mdmfs/mdmfs.8

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.Dd October 31, 2019
.Dt MDMFS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mdmfs ,
.Nm mount_mfs
.Nd configure and mount an in-memory file system using the
.Xr md 4
driver or the
.Xr tmpfs 4
filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl DLlMNnPStTUX
.Op Fl a Ar maxcontig
.Op Fl b Ar block-size
.Op Fl c Ar blocks-per-cylinder-group
.Op Fl d Ar max-extent-size
.Op Fl E Ar path-mdconfig
.Op Fl e Ar maxbpg
.Op Fl F Ar file
.Op Fl f Ar frag-size
.Op Fl i Ar bytes
.Op Fl k Ar skel
.Op Fl m Ar percent-free
.Op Fl O Ar optimization
.Op Fl o Ar mount-options
.Op Fl p Ar permissions
.Op Fl s Ar size
.Op Fl T Ar fstype
.Op Fl v Ar version
.Op Fl w Ar user : Ns Ar group
.Ar md-device
.Ar mount-point
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is designed to be a work-alike and look-alike of the deprecated
.Nm mount_mfs .
The end result is essentially the same,
but is accomplished in a completely different way.
Based on
.Ar md-device ,
the
.Nm
utility either creates a
.Xr tmpfs 4
filesystem, or it configures an
.Xr md 4
disk using
.Xr mdconfig 8 ,
puts a UFS file system on it (unless
.Fl P
was specified) using
.Xr newfs 8 ,
and mounts it using
.Xr mount 8 .
It can handle
.Xr geom_uzip 4
compressed disk images, as long as the kernel supports this GEOM class.
All the command line options are passed to the appropriate program
at the appropriate stage in order to achieve the desired effect.
.Pp
When
.Ar md-device
is `auto',
.Nm
uses
.Xr tmpfs 4
if it is present in the kernel or can be loaded as a module,
otherwise it falls back to using
.Xr md 4
auto-unit as if `md' had been specified.
.Pp
When
.Ar md-device
is `tmpfs',
.Nm
mounts a
.Xr tmpfs 4
filesystem, translating the
.Fl s
size option, if present, into a `-o size=' mount option.
Any
.Fl o
options on the command line are passed through to the
.Xr tmpfs 4
mount.
Options specific to
.Xr mdconfig 8
or
.Xr newfs 8
are ignored.
.Pp
When
.Ar md-device
does not result in
.Xr tmpfs 4
being used, then an
.Xr md 4
device is configured instead.
By default,
.Nm
creates a swap-based
.Pq Dv MD_SWAP
disk with soft-updates enabled
and mounts it on
.Ar mount-point .
It uses the
.Xr md 4
device specified by
.Ar md-device .
If
.Ar md-device
is
.Ql md
(no unit number),
it will use
.Xr md 4 Ns 's
auto-unit feature to automatically select an unused device.
Unless otherwise specified with one of the options below,
it uses the default arguments to all the helper programs.
.Pp
The following options are available.
Where possible,
the option letter matches the one used by
.Nm mount_mfs
for the same thing.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl a Ar maxcontig
Specify the maximum number of contiguous blocks that will be laid
out before forcing a rotational delay
(see the
.Fl d
option).
.It Fl b Ar block-size
The block size of the file system, in bytes.
.It Fl c Ar blocks-per-cylinder-group
The number of blocks per cylinder group in the file system.
.It Fl D
If not using auto-unit,
do not run
.Xr mdconfig 8
to try to detach the unit before attaching it.
.It Fl d Ar max-extent-size
The file system may choose to store large files using extents.
This parameter specifies the largest extent size that may be
used.
It is presently limited to its default value which is 16
times the file system blocksize.
.It Fl E Ar path-mdconfig
Use
.Ar path-mdconfig
as a location of the
.Xr mdconfig 8
utility.
.It Fl e Ar maxbpg
Indicate the maximum number of blocks any single file can allocate
out of a cylinder group before it is forced to begin allocating
blocks from another cylinder group.
.It Fl F Ar file
Create a vnode-backed
.Pq Dv MD_VNODE
memory disk backed by
.Ar file .
.It Fl f Ar frag-size
The fragment size of the file system in bytes.
.It Fl i Ar bytes
Number of bytes per inode.
.It Fl k Ar skel
Copy the content of directory
.Ar skel
into
.Ar mount-point .
.It Fl l
Enable multilabel MAC on the new file system.
.It Fl L
Show the output of the helper programs.
By default,
it is sent to
.Pa /dev/null .
.It Fl M
Create a
.Xr malloc 9
backed disk
.Pq Dv MD_MALLOC
instead of a swap-backed disk.
.It Fl m Ar percent-free
The percentage of space reserved for the superuser.
.It Fl N
Do not actually run the helper programs.
This is most useful in conjunction with
.Fl X .
.It Fl n
Do not create a
.Pa .snap
directory on the new file system.
.It Fl O Ar optimization
Select the optimization preference;
valid choices are
.Cm space
and
.Cm time ,
which will optimize for minimum space fragmentation and
minimum time spent allocating blocks,
respectively.
.It Fl o Ar mount-options
Specify the mount options with which to mount the file system.
See
.Xr mount 8
for more information.
.It Fl P
Preserve the existing file system;
do not run
.Xr newfs 8 .
This only makes sense if
.Fl F
is specified to create a vnode-backed disk.
.It Fl p Ar permissions
Set the file (directory) permissions of the mount point
.Ar mount-point
to
.Ar permissions .
The
.Ar permissions
argument can be in any of the mode formats recognized by
.Xr chmod 1 .
If symbolic permissions are specified,
the operation characters
.Dq +
and
.Dq -
are interpreted relative to the initial permissions of
.Dq a=rwx .
.It Fl S
Do not enable soft-updates on the file system.
.It Fl s Ar size
Specify the size of the disk to create.
This only makes sense if
.Fl F
is
.Em not
specified.
That is,
this will work when the backing storage is some form of
memory, as opposed to a fixed-size file.
The size may include the usual SI suffixes (k, m, g, t, p).
A number without a suffix is interpreted as a count of 512-byte sectors.
.It Fl t
Turn on the TRIM enable flag for
.Xr newfs 8 .
When used with a file system that issue BIO_DELETE bio requests,
.Xr md 4
returns deleted blocks to the system memory pool.
.It Fl T Ar fstype
Specify a file system type for a vnode-backed memory disk.
Any file system supported by
.Xr mount 8
command can be specified.
This option only makes sense when
.Fl F
and
.Fl P
are used.
.It Fl U
Enable soft-updates on the file system.
This is the default, and is accepted only
for compatibility.
It is only really useful to negate the
.Fl S
flag, should such a need occur.
.It Fl v Ar version
Specify the UFS version number for use on the file system; it may be
either
.Dv 1
or
.Dv 2 .
The default is derived from the default of the
.Xr newfs 8
command.
.It Fl w Ar user : Ns Ar group
Set the owner and group to
.Ar user
and
.Ar group ,
respectively.
The arguments have the same semantics as with
.Xr chown 8 ,
but specifying just a
.Ar user
or just a
.Ar group
is not supported.
.It Fl X
Print what command will be run before running it, and
other assorted debugging information.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fl F
and
.Fl s
options are passed to
.Xr mdconfig 8
as
.Fl f
and
.Fl s ,
respectively.
The
.Fl a , b , c , d , e , f , i , m
and
.Fl n
options are passed to
.Xr newfs 8
with the same letter.
The
.Fl O
option is passed to
.Xr newfs 8
as
.Fl o .
The
.Fl o
option is passed to
.Xr mount 8
with the same letter.
The
.Fl T
option is passed to
.Xr mount 8
as
.Fl t .
For information on semantics, refer to the documentation of the programs
that the options are passed to.
.Sh EXAMPLES
Create and mount a 32 megabyte swap-backed file system on
.Pa /tmp :
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -s 32m md /tmp"
.Pp
The same file system created as an entry in
.Pa /etc/fstab :
.Pp
.Dl "md /tmp mfs rw,-s32m 2 0"
.Pp
Create and mount a 16 megabyte malloc-backed file system on
.Pa /tmp
using the
.Pa /dev/md1
device;
furthermore,
do not use soft-updates on it and mount it
.Cm async :
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -M -S -o async -s 16m md1 /tmp"
.Pp
Create and mount a
.Xr geom_uzip 4
based compressed disk image:
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -P -F foo.uzip -oro md.uzip /tmp/"
.Pp
Mount the same image, specifying the
.Pa /dev/md1
device:
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -P -F foo.uzip -oro md1.uzip /tmp/"
.Pp
Configure a vnode-backed file system and mount its first partition,
using automatic device numbering:
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -P -F foo.img mds1a /tmp/"
.Pp
Mount a vnode-backed cd9660 file system using automatic device numbering:
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -T cd9660 -P -F foo.iso md /tmp"
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
The
.Nm
utility, while designed to be compatible with
.Nm mount_mfs ,
can be useful by itself.
Since
.Nm mount_mfs
had some silly defaults, a
.Dq compatibility
mode is provided for the case where bug-to-bug compatibility is desired.
.Pp
Compatibility is enabled by starting
.Nm
with the name
.Li mount_mfs
or
.Li mfs
(as returned by
.Xr getprogname 3 ) .
In this mode, the following behavior, as done by
.Nm mount_mfs ,
is duplicated:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
The file mode of
.Ar mount-point
is set by default to
.Li 01777
as if
.Fl p Ar 1777
was given on the command line.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr md 4 ,
.Xr tmpfs 4 ,
.Xr fstab 5 ,
.Xr mdconfig 8 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Dima Dorfman