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17e85f5990
A previous commit aligned the start of the data area to a multiple of the VM page size, in order to prevent extra buffers to be allocated (which failed for 64 KB cluster size without this alignment). Since a dependency on PAGE_SIZE caused compatibility issues, the alignment was made conditional on this macro being defined, in the previous commit. This lead to different behavior of this program when built on FreeBSD vs. Linux (which does not define PAGE_SIZE). This commit removes any use of PAGE_SIZE and instead always aligns the start of the data area to a multiple of the cluster size. The -A option is now implied, unless overridden by a specific number of reserved sectors with the -r option. Approved by: kib MFC after: 1 week Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45436
264 lines
8.2 KiB
Groff
264 lines
8.2 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
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.\" the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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.\" distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
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.\" OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
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.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
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.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
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.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
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.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd June 6, 2024
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.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm newfs_msdos
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.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl N
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.Op Fl @ Ar offset
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.Op Fl A
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.Op Fl B Ar boot
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.Op Fl C Ar create-size
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.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type
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.Op Fl I Ar VolumeID
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.Op Fl L Ar label
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.Op Fl O Ar OEM
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.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
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.Op Fl T Ar timestamp
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.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size
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.Op Fl b Ar block-size
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.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size
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.Op Fl e Ar DirEnts
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.Op Fl f Ar format
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.Op Fl h Ar heads
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.Op Fl i Ar info
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.Op Fl k Ar backup
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.Op Fl m Ar media
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.Op Fl n Ar FATs
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.Op Fl o Ar hidden
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.Op Fl r Ar reserved
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.Op Fl s Ar total
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.Op Fl u Ar track-size
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.Ar special
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.Op Ar disktype
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device or file named
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.Ar special ,
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using
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.Xr disktab 5
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entry
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.Ar disktype
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to determine geometry, if required.
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar special
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does not contain a
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.Ar /
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and
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.Fl C
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is not used, it is assumed to be a device name and
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.Ar /dev/
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is prepended to the name to construct the actual device name.
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To work a file in the current directory use
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.Ar ./filename
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.Pp
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The options are as follow:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl N
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Do not create a file system: just print out parameters.
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.It Fl @ Ar offset
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Build the filesystem at the specified offset in bytes in the device or file.
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A suffix s, k, m, g (lower or upper case)
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appended to the offset specifies that the
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number is in sectors, kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes, respectively.
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.It Fl A
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Attempt to cluster align the data area, useful for flash based storage.
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This option is enabled by default, unless a number of reserved sectors
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is specified using the
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.Fl r
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option.
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.It Fl B Ar boot
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Get bootstrap from file.
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.It Fl C Ar create-size
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Create the image file with the specified size.
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A suffix character appended to the size is interpreted as for the
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.Fl @
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option.
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The file is created by truncating any existing file with the same name and
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resizing it to the requested size.
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If the file system supports sparse files, the space occupied on disk may be
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smaller than the size specified as parameter.
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.It Fl F Ar FAT-type
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FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32).
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.It Fl I Ar VolumeID
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Volume ID, a 32 bit number in decimal or hexadecimal (0x...) format.
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.It Fl L Ar label
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Volume label (up to 11 characters).
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The label should consist of
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only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames.
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.It Fl O Ar OEM
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OEM string (up to 8 characters).
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The default is
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.Qq Li "BSD4.4 " .
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.It Fl S Ar sector-size
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Number of bytes per sector.
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Acceptable values are powers of 2
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in the range 512 through 32768, inclusive.
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.It Fl T Ar timestamp
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Create the filesystem as though the current time is
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.Ar timestamp .
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The default filesystem volume ID is derived from the time.
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.Ar timestamp
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can be a pathname (where the timestamp is derived from
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that file) or an integer value interpreted
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as the number of seconds since the Epoch.
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.It Fl a Ar FAT-size
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Number of sectors per FAT.
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.It Fl b Ar block-size
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File system block size (bytes per cluster).
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This should resolve to an
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acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below).
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.It Fl c Ar cluster-size
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Sectors per cluster, also called allocation size.
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Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range
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1 through 128.
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If the block or cluster size are not specified, the code
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uses a cluster between 512 bytes and 32K depending on
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the filesystem size.
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.It Fl e Ar DirEnts
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Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only).
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.It Fl f Ar format
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Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.
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The standard formats
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are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200,
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1232, 1440, 2880.
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.It Fl h Ar heads
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Number of drive heads.
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.It Fl i Ar info
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Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only).
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A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector.
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.It Fl k Ar backup
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Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).
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A value
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of 0xffff signifies no backup sector.
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.It Fl m Ar media
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Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff).
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.It Fl n Ar FATs
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Number of FATs.
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Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
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The default
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is 2.
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.It Fl o Ar hidden
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Number of hidden sectors.
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.It Fl r Ar reserved
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Number of reserved sectors.
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If the
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.Fl r
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option is not used, the number of reserved sectors is set to a value that
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aligns the start of the data area to a multiple of the cluster size.
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.It Fl s Ar total
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File system size.
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.It Fl u Ar track-size
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Number of sectors per track.
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.El
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.Sh NOTES
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If some parameters (e.g., size, number of sectors, etc.) are not specified
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through options or disktype, the program tries to generate them automatically.
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In particular, the size is determined as the device or file size minus the
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offset specified with the
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.Fl @
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option.
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When the geometry is not available, it is assumed to be 63 sectors, 255 heads.
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The size is then rounded to become a multiple of the track size and avoid
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complaints by some filesystem code.
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.Pp
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FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter
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Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual
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file system.
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For reference purposes, this structure is presented
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below.
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.Bd -literal
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struct bsbpb {
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uint16_t bpbBytesPerSec; /* [-S] bytes per sector */
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uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* [-c] sectors per cluster */
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uint16_t bpbResSectors; /* [-r] reserved sectors */
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uint8_t bpbFATs; /* [-n] number of FATs */
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uint16_t bpbRootDirEnts; /* [-e] root directory entries */
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uint16_t bpbSectors; /* [-s] total sectors */
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uint8_t bpbMedia; /* [-m] media descriptor */
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uint16_t bpbFATsecs; /* [-a] sectors per FAT */
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uint16_t bpbSecPerTrack; /* [-u] sectors per track */
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uint16_t bpbHeads; /* [-h] drive heads */
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uint32_t bpbHiddenSecs; /* [-o] hidden sectors */
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uint32_t bpbHugeSectors; /* [-s] big total sectors */
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};
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/* FAT32 extensions */
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struct bsxbpb {
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uint32_t bpbBigFATsecs; /* [-a] big sectors per FAT */
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uint16_t bpbExtFlags; /* control flags */
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uint16_t bpbFSVers; /* file system version */
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uint32_t bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
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uint16_t bpbFSInfo; /* [-i] file system info sector */
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uint16_t bpbBackup; /* [-k] backup boot sector */
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};
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.Ed
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.Sh LIMITATION
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The maximum file size is 4GB, even if the file system itself is bigger.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Create a file system, using default parameters, on
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.Pa /dev/ada0s1 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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newfs_msdos /dev/ada0s1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Create a FAT32 filesystem with a 32K allocation size on
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.Pa /dev/mmcsd0s1 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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newfs_msdos -F 32 -A -c 64 /dev/mmcsd0s1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label
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.Ar foo ,
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on
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.Pa /dev/fd0 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Create a 30MB image file, with the FAT partition starting
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63 sectors within the image file:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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newfs_msdos -C 30M -@63s ./somefile
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr gpart 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in
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.Fx 3.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Robert Nordier Aq Mt rnordier@FreeBSD.org
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