mirror of
https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src.git
synced 2024-12-05 03:39:02 +00:00
8fae3551ec
Note: XNSrouted and routed NOT imported here, they shall be imported with usr.sbin.
344 lines
10 KiB
Groff
344 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
|
|
.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)disklabel.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd "April 19, 1994"
|
|
.Dt DISKLABEL 8
|
|
.Os BSD 4.2
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Nd read and write disk pack label
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Op Fl r
|
|
.Ar disk
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
.Op Fl r
|
|
.Ar disk Ar disktype
|
|
.Oo Ar packid Oc
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl e
|
|
.Op Fl r
|
|
.Ar disk
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl R
|
|
.Op Fl r
|
|
.Ar disk Ar protofile
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Op Fl NW
|
|
.Ar disk
|
|
.sp
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Fl b Ar boot1
|
|
.Op Fl s Ar boot2
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Ar disk
|
|
.Oo Ar disktype Oc
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Fl b Ar boot1
|
|
.Op Fl s Ar boot2
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Ar disk Ar disktype
|
|
.Oo Ar packid Oc
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Fl R
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Fl b Ar boot1
|
|
.Op Fl s Ar boot2
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Ar disk Ar protofile
|
|
.Oo Ar disktype Oc
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Nm Disklabel
|
|
can be used to install, examine or modify the label on a disk drive or pack.
|
|
When writing the label, it can be used
|
|
to change the drive identification,
|
|
the disk partitions on the drive,
|
|
or to replace a damaged label.
|
|
On some systems,
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
can be used to install bootstrap code as well.
|
|
There are several forms of the command that read (display), install or edit
|
|
the label on a disk.
|
|
Each form has an additional option,
|
|
.Fl r ,
|
|
which causes the label to be read from or written to the disk directly,
|
|
rather than going through the system's in-core copy of the label.
|
|
This option may allow a label to be installed on a disk
|
|
without kernel support for a label, such as when labels are first installed
|
|
on a system; it must be used when first installing a label on a disk.
|
|
The specific effect of
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
is described under each command.
|
|
The read and install forms also support the
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
option to install bootstrap code.
|
|
These variants are described later.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first form of the command (read) is used to examine the label on the named
|
|
disk drive (e.g. sd0 or /dev/rsd0c).
|
|
It will display all of the parameters associated with the drive
|
|
and its partition layout.
|
|
Unless the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag is given,
|
|
the kernel's in-core copy of the label is displayed;
|
|
if the disk has no label, or the partition types on the disk are incorrect,
|
|
the kernel may have constructed or modified the label.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag is given, the label from the raw disk will be displayed rather
|
|
than the in-core label.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The second form of the command, with the
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
flag, is used to write a standard label on the designated drive.
|
|
The required arguments to
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
are the drive to be labelled (e.g. sd0), and
|
|
the drive type as described in the
|
|
.Xr disktab 5
|
|
file.
|
|
The drive parameters and partitions are taken from that file.
|
|
If different disks of the same physical type are to have different
|
|
partitions, it will be necessary to have separate disktab entries
|
|
describing each, or to edit the label after installation as described below.
|
|
The optional argument is a pack identification string,
|
|
up to 16 characters long.
|
|
The pack id must be quoted if it contains blanks.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag is given, the disk sectors containing the label and bootstrap
|
|
will be written directly.
|
|
A side-effect of this is that any existing bootstrap code will be overwritten
|
|
and the disk rendered unbootable.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
is not specified,
|
|
the existing label will be updated via the in-core copy and any bootstrap
|
|
code will be unaffected.
|
|
If the disk does not already have a label, the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag must be used.
|
|
In either case, the kernel's in-core label is replaced.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An existing disk label may be edited by using the
|
|
.Fl e
|
|
flag.
|
|
The label is read from the in-core kernel copy,
|
|
or directly from the disk if the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag is also given.
|
|
The label is formatted and then supplied to an editor for changes.
|
|
If no editor is specified in an
|
|
.Ev EDITOR
|
|
environment variable,
|
|
.Xr vi 1
|
|
is used.
|
|
When the editor terminates, the formatted label is reread
|
|
and used to rewrite the disk label.
|
|
Existing bootstrap code is unchanged regardless of whether
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
was specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
With the
|
|
.Fl R
|
|
flag,
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
is capable of restoring a disk label that was formatted
|
|
in a prior operation and saved in an ascii file.
|
|
The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format
|
|
as that produced when reading or editing a label.
|
|
Comments are delimited by
|
|
.Ar \&#
|
|
and newline.
|
|
As with
|
|
.Fl w ,
|
|
any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered if
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
is specified and will be unaffected otherwise.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl NW
|
|
flags for
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
explicitly disallow and
|
|
allow, respectively, writing of the pack label area on the selected disk.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The final three forms of
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
are used to install boostrap code on machines where the bootstrap is part
|
|
of the label.
|
|
The bootstrap code is comprised of one or two boot programs depending on
|
|
the machine.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
option is used to denote that bootstrap code is to be installed.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
flag is implied by
|
|
.Fl B
|
|
and never needs to be specified.
|
|
The name of the boot program(s) to be installed can be selected in a
|
|
variety of ways.
|
|
First, the names can be specified explicitly via the
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
flags.
|
|
On machines with only a single level of boot program,
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
is the name of that program.
|
|
For machines with a two-level bootstrap,
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
indicates the primary boot program and
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
the secondary boot program.
|
|
If the names are not explicitly given, standard boot programs will be used.
|
|
The boot programs are located in
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec .
|
|
The names of the programs are taken from the ``b0'' and ``b1'' parameters
|
|
of the
|
|
.Xr disktab 5
|
|
entry for the disk if
|
|
.Ar disktype
|
|
was given and its disktab entry exists and includes those parameters.
|
|
Otherwise, boot program names are derived from the name of the disk.
|
|
These names are of the form
|
|
.Pa basename Ns boot
|
|
for the primary (or only) bootstrap, and
|
|
.Pf boot Pa basename
|
|
for the secondary bootstrap;
|
|
for example,
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd
|
|
if the disk device is
|
|
.Em sd0 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first of the three boot-installation forms is used to install
|
|
bootstrap code without changing the existing label.
|
|
It is essentially a read command with respect to the disk label
|
|
itself and all options are related to the specification of the boot
|
|
program as described previously.
|
|
The final two forms are analogous to the basic write and restore versions
|
|
except that they will install bootstrap code in addition to a new label.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/disktab
|
|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/ Ns Em xx Ns boot
|
|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot Ns Em xx
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Dl disklabel sd0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Display the in-core label for sd0 as obtained via
|
|
.Pa /dev/rsd0c .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl disklabel -w -r /dev/rsd0c sd2212 foo
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Create a label for sd0 based on information for ``sd2212'' found in
|
|
.Pa /etc/disktab .
|
|
Any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl disklabel -e -r sd0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Read the on-disk label for sd0, edit it and reinstall in-core as well
|
|
as on-disk.
|
|
Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl disklabel -R sd0 mylabel
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Restore the on-disk and in-core label for sd0 from information in
|
|
.Pa mylabel .
|
|
Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl disklabel -B sd0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Install a new bootstrap on sd0.
|
|
The boot code comes from
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
|
|
and possibly
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd .
|
|
On-disk and in-core labels are unchanged.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl disklabel -w -B /dev/rsd0c -b newboot sd2212
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Install a new label and bootstrap.
|
|
The label is derived from disktab information for ``sd2212'' and
|
|
installed both in-core and on-disk.
|
|
The bootstrap code comes from the file
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/newboot .
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr disktab 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 5
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition
|
|
to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open.
|
|
Some device drivers create a label containing only a single large partition
|
|
if a disk is unlabeled; thus, the label must be written to the ``a''
|
|
partition of the disk while it is open.
|
|
This sometimes requires the desired label to be set in two steps,
|
|
the first one creating at least one other partition,
|
|
and the second setting the label on the new partition
|
|
while shrinking the ``a'' partition.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
On some machines the bootstrap code may not fit entirely in the area
|
|
allocated for it by some filesystems.
|
|
As a result, it may not be possible to have filesystems on some partitions
|
|
of a ``bootable'' disk.
|
|
When installing bootstrap code,
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
checks for these cases.
|
|
If the installed boot code would overlap a partition of type FS_UNUSED
|
|
it is marked as type FS_BOOT.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr newfs 8
|
|
utility will disallow creation of filesystems on FS_BOOT partitions.
|
|
Conversely, if a partition has a type other than FS_UNUSED or FS_BOOT,
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
will not install bootstrap code that overlaps it.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
When a disk name is given without a full pathname,
|
|
the constructed device name uses the ``a'' partition on the tahoe,
|
|
the ``c'' partition on all others.
|