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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 4//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD>
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<TITLE>Administration Reference</TITLE>
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<!-- /tmp/idwt3672/auarf000.scr converted by idb2h R4.2 (359) ID -->
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<!-- Workbench Version (AIX) on 3 Oct 2000 at 16:18:30 -->
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="updated" CONTENT="Tue, 03 Oct 2000 16:18:29">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="review" CONTENT="Wed, 03 Oct 2001 16:18:29">
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<!-- (C) IBM Corporation 2000. All Rights Reserved -->
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<!-- End Header Records ============================================ -->
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<A NAME="Top_Of_Page"></A>
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<H1>Administration Reference</H1>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf057.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf059.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="HDRAFSD" HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC_72">afsd</A></H2>
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<A NAME="IDX4184"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4185"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4186"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4187"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4188"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4189"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4190"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4191"></A>
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<P><STRONG>Purpose</STRONG>
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<P>Initializes the Cache Manager and starts related daemons.
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<P><STRONG>Synopsis</STRONG>
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<PRE><B>afsd</B> [-<B>blocks</B> <<VAR>1024 byte blocks in cache</VAR>>]
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[<B>-files</B> <<VAR>files in cache</VAR>>]
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[<B>-rootvol</B> <<VAR>name of AFS root volume</VAR>>]
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[<B>-stat</B> <<VAR>number of stat entries</VAR>>]
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[<B>-memcache</B>] [<B>-cachedir</B> <<VAR>cache directory</VAR>>]
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[<B>-mountdir</B> <<VAR>mount location</VAR>>]
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[<B>-daemons</B> <<VAR>number of daemons to use</VAR>>]
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[<B>-nosettime</B>] [<B>-verbose</B>] [<B>-rmtsys</B>] [<B>-debug</B>]
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[<B>-chunksize</B> <<VAR>log(2) of chunk size</VAR>>]
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[<B>-dcache</B> <<VAR>number of dcache entries</VAR>>]
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[<B>-volumes</B> <<VAR>number of volume entries</VAR>>]
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[<B>-biods</B> <<VAR>number of bkg I/O daemons (aix vm)</VAR>>]
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[<B>-prealloc</B> <<VAR>number of 'small' preallocated blocks</VAR>>]
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[<B>-confdir</B> <<VAR>configuration directory</VAR>>]
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[<B>-logfile</B> <<VAR>Place to keep the CM log</VAR>>]
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[<B>-waitclose</B>] [<B>-shutdown</B>] [<B>-enable_peer_stats</B>]
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[<B>-enable_process_stats</B>] [<B>-help</B>]
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</PRE>
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<P>This command does not use the syntax conventions of the AFS command
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suites. Provide the command name and all option names in full.
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<P><STRONG>Description</STRONG>
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<P>The <B>afsd</B> command initializes the Cache Manager on an AFS client
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machine by transferring AFS-related configuration information into kernel
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memory and starting several daemons. More specifically, the
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<B>afsd</B> command performs the following actions:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>Sets a field in kernel memory that defines the machine's cell
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membership. Some Cache Manager-internal operations and system calls
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consult this field to learn which cell to execute in. (The AFS command
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interpreters refer to the <B>/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</B> file
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instead.) This information is transferred into the kernel from the
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<B>/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</B> file and cannot be changed until the
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<B>afsd</B> program runs again.
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<P><LI>Places in kernel memory the names and Internet addresses of the database
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server machines in the local cell and (optionally) foreign cells. The
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appearance of a cell's database server machines in this list enables the
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Cache Manager to contact them and to access files in the cell. Omission
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of a cell from this list, or incorrect information about its database server
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machines, prevents the Cache Manager from accessing files in it.
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<P>The list of database server machines is transferred into the kernel from
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the <B>/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</B> file. After initialization, use
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the <B>fs newcell</B> command to change the kernel-resident list without
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having to reboot.
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<P><LI>Mounts the root of the AFS filespace on a directory on the machine's
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local disk, according to either the first field in the
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<B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file (the default) or the <B>afsd</B>
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command's <B>-mountdir</B> argument. The conventional value is
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<B>/afs</B>.
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<P><LI>Determines which volume to mount at the root of the AFS file tree.
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The default is the volume <B>root.afs</B>; use the
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<B>-rootvol</B> argument to override it. Although the base
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(read/write) form of the volume name is the appropriate value, the Cache
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Manager has a bias for accessing the read-only version of the volume (by
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convention, <B>root.afs.readonly</B>) if it is
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available.
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<P><LI>Configures the cache on disk (the default) or in machine memory if the
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<B>-memcache</B> argument is provided. In the latter case, the
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<B>afsd</B> program allocates space in machine memory for caching, and the
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Cache Manager uses no disk space for caching even if the machine has a
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disk.
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<P><LI>Defines the name of the local disk directory devoted to caching, when the
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<B>-memcache</B> argument is not used. If necessary, the
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<B>afsd</B> program creates the directory (its parent directory must
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already exist). It does not remove the directory that formerly served
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this function, if one exists.
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<P>The second field in the <B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file is the
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source for this name, and the standard value is the <B>/usr/vice/cache</B>
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directory. Use the <B>-cachedir</B> argument to override the value
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in the <B>cacheinfo</B> file.
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<P><LI>Sets the size of the cache. The default source for the value is the
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third field in the <B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file, which specifies a
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number of kilobytes.
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<P>For a memory cache, the following arguments to the <B>afsd</B> command
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override the value in the <B>cacheinfo</B> file:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>The <B>-blocks</B> argument, to specify a different number of kilobyte
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blocks.
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<P><LI>The <B>-dcache</B> and <B>-chunksize</B> arguments together, to
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set both the number of dcache entries and the chunk size (see below for
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definition of these parameters). In this case, the <B>afsd</B>
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program derives cache size by multiplying the two values. Using this
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combination is not recommended, as it requires the issuer to perform the
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calculation beforehand to determine the resulting cache size.
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<P><LI>The <B>-dcache</B> argument by itself. In this case, the
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<B>afsd</B> program derives cache size by multiplying the value specified
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by the <B>-dcache</B> argument by the default memory cache chunk size of
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eight kilobytes. Using this argument is not recommended, as it requires
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the issuer to perform the calculation beforehand to determine the resulting
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cache size.
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</UL>
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<P>For satisfactory memory cache performance, the specified value must leave
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enough memory free to accommodate all other processes and commands that can
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run on the machine. If the value exceeds the amount of memory
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available, the <B>afsd</B> program exits without initializing the Cache
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Manager and produces the following message on the standard output
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stream:
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<PRE> afsd: memCache allocation failure at <VAR>number</VAR> KB
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</PRE>
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<P>where <VAR>number</VAR> is how many kilobytes were allocated just before the
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failure.
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<P>For a disk cache, use the <B>-blocks</B> argument to the
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<B>afsd</B> command to override the value in the <B>cacheinfo</B>
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file. The value specified in either way sets an absolute upper limit on
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cache size; values provided for other arguments (such as
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<B>-dcache</B> and <B>-chunksize</B>) never result in a larger
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cache. The <B>afsd</B> program rejects any setting larger than 95%
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of the partition size, and exits after generating an error message on the
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standard output stream, because the cache implementation itself requires a
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small amount of disk space and overfilling the partition can cause the client
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machine to panic.
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<P>To change the size of a disk cache after initialization without rebooting,
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use the <B>fs setcachesize</B> command; the setting persists until
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the <B>afsd</B> command runs again or the <B>fs setcachesize</B>
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command is reissued. The <B>fs setcachesize</B> command does not
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work for memory caches.
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<P><LI>Sets the size of each cache <VAR>chunk</VAR>, and by implication the amount
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of data that the Cache Manager requests at a time from the File Server (how
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much data per fetch RPC, since AFS uses partial file transfer).
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<P>For a disk cache, a chunk is a <B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> file and this
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parameter sets the maximum size to which each one can expand; the default
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is 64 KB. For a memory cache, each chunk is a collection of contiguous
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memory blocks; the default is size is 8 KB.
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<P>To override the default chunk size for either type of cache, use the
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<B>-chunksize</B> argument to provide an integer to be used as an exponent
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of two; see the <B>Options</B> section for details. For a
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memory cache, if total cache size divided by chunk size leaves a remainder,
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the <B>afsd</B> program rounds down the number of dcache entries,
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resulting in a slightly smaller cache.
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<P><LI>Sets the number of chunks in the cache. For a memory cache, the
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number of chunks is equal to the cache size divided by the chunk size.
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For a disk cache, the number of chunks (<B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> files) is set
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to the largest of the following unless the <B>-files</B> argument is used
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to set the value explicitly:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>100
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<P><LI>1.5 times the result of dividing cache size by chunk size
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(<VAR>cachesize</VAR>/<VAR>chunksize</VAR> * 1.5)
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<P><LI>The result of dividing cachesize by 10 KB (<VAR>cachesize</VAR>/10240)
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</UL>
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<P><LI>Sets the number of <VAR>dcache entries</VAR> allocated in machine memory for
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storing information about the chunks in the cache.
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<P>For a disk cache, the <B>/usr/vice/cache/CacheItems</B> file contains
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one entry for each <B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> file. By default, one half
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the number of these entries (but not more that 2,000) are duplicated as dcache
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entries in machine memory for quicker access.
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<P>For a memory cache, there is no <B>CacheItems</B> file so all
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information about cache chunks must be in memory as dcache entries.
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Thus, there is no default number of dcache entries for a memory cache;
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instead, the <B>afsd</B> program derives it by dividing the cache size by
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the chunk size.
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<P>To set the number of dcache entries, use the <B>-dcache</B>
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argument; the specified value can exceed the default limit of
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2,000. Using this argument is not recommended for either type of
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cache. Increasing the number of dcache entries for a disk cache
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sometimes improves performance (because more entries are retrieved from memory
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rather than from disk), but only marginally. Using this argument for a
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memory cache requires the issuer to calculate the cache size by multiplying
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this value by the chunk size.
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<P><LI>Sets the number of <VAR>stat</VAR> entries available in machine memory for
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caching status information about cached AFS files. The default is
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300; use the <B>-stat</B> argument to override the default.
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<P><LI>Randomly selects a file server machine in the local cell as the source for
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the correct time. Every five minutes thereafter, the local clock is
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adjusted (if necessary) to match the file server machine's clock.
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<P>Use the <B>-nosettime</B> flag to prevent the <B>afsd</B> command
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from selecting a time standard. This is recommended only on file server
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machines that are also acting as clients. File server machines maintain
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the correct time using the Network Time Protocol Daemon instead.
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</UL>
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<P>In addition to setting cache configuration parameters, the <B>afsd</B>
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program starts the following daemons. (On most system types, these
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daemons appear as nameless entries in the output of the UNIX <B>ps</B>
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command.)
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<UL>
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<P><LI>One <I>callback</I> daemon, which handles callbacks. It also
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responds to the File Server's periodic probes, which check that the
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client machine is still alive.
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<P><LI>One <I>maintenance</I> daemon, which performs the following
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tasks:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>Garbage collects obsolete data (for example, expired tokens) from kernel
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memory
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<P><LI>Synchronizes files
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<P><LI>Refreshes information from read-only volumes once per hour
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<P><LI>Does delayed writes for NFS clients if the machine is running the NFS/AFS
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Translator
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</UL>
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<P><LI>One <I>cache-truncation</I> daemon, which flushes the cache when free
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space is required, by writing cached data and status information to the File
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Server.
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<P><LI>One <I>server connection</I> daemon, which sends a probe to the File
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Server every few minutes to check that it is still accessible. It also
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synchronizes the machine's clock with the clock on a randomly-chosen file
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server machine, unless the <B>-nosettime</B> flag is used. There is
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always one server connection daemon.
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<P><LI>One or more <I>background</I> daemons that improve performance by
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pre-fetching files and performing background (delayed) writes of saved data
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into AFS.
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<P>The default number of background daemons is two, enough to service at least
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five simultaneous users of the machine. To increase the number, use the
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<B>-daemons</B> argument. A value greater than six is not generally
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necessary.
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<P><LI>On some system types, one <I>Rx listener</I> daemon, which listens for
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incoming RPCs.
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<P><LI>On some system types, one <I>Rx event</I> daemon, which reviews the Rx
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system's queue of tasks and performs them as appropriate. Most
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items in the queue are retransmissions of failed packets.
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<P><LI>On machines that run AIX with virtual memory (VM) integration, one or more
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<I>VM</I> daemons (sometimes called <I>I/O</I> daemons, which transfer
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data between disk and machine memory. The number of them depends on the
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setting of the <B>-biods</B> and <B>-daemons</B> arguments:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>If the <B>-biods</B> argument is used, it sets the number of VM
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daemons.
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<P><LI>If only the <B>-daemons</B> argument is used, the number of VM daemons
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is twice the number of background daemons.
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<P><LI>If neither argument is used, there are five VM daemons.
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</UL>
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</UL>
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<P><STRONG>Cautions</STRONG>
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<P>Do not use the <B>-shutdown</B> parameter. It does not shutdown
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the Cache Manager effectively. Instead, halt Cache Manager activity by
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using the standard UNIX <B>umount</B> command to unmount the AFS root
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directory (by convention, <B>/afs</B>). The machine must then be
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rebooted to reinitialize the Cache Manager.
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<P><STRONG>Options</STRONG>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>-blocks
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</B><DD>Specifies the number of kilobyte blocks to be made available for caching
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in the machine's cache directory (for a disk cache) or memory (for a
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memory cache), overriding the default defined in the third field of the
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<B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file. For a disk cache, the value
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cannot exceed 95% of the space available in the cache partition. If
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using a memory cache, do not combine this argument with the <B>-dcache</B>
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argument, since doing so can possibly result in a chunk size that is not an
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exponent of 2.
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<P><DT><B>-files
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</B><DD>Specifies the number of <B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> files to create in the
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cache directory for a disk cache, overriding the default that is calculated as
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described in the <B>Description</B> section. Each
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<B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> file accommodates a chunk of data, and can grow to a
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maximum size of 64 KB by default. Do not combine this argument with the
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<B>-memcache</B> argument.
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<P><DT><B>-rootvol
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</B><DD>Names the read/write volume corresponding to the root directory for the
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AFS file tree (which is usually the <B>/afs</B> directory). This
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value overrides the default of the <B>root.afs</B> volume.
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<P><DT><B>-stat
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</B><DD>Specifies the number of entries to allocate in the machine's memory
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for recording status information about the AFS files in the cache. This
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value overrides the default of 300.
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<P><DT><B>-memcache
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</B><DD>Initializes a memory cache rather than a disk cache. Do not combine
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this flag with the <B>-files</B> argument.
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<P><DT><B>-cachedir
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</B><DD>Names the local disk directory to be used as the cache. This value
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overrides the default defined in the second field of the
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<B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file.
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<P><DT><B>-mountdir
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</B><DD>Names the local disk directory on which to mount the root of the AFS
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filespace. This value overrides the default defined in the first field
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of the <B>/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</B> file. If a value other than
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the <B>/afs</B> directory is used, the machine cannot access the filespace
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of cells that do use that value.
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<P><DT><B>-daemons
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</B><DD>Specifies the number of background daemons to run on the machine.
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These daemons improve efficiency by doing prefetching and background writing
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of saved data. This value overrides the default of 2, which is adequate
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for a machine serving up to five users. Values greater than
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<B>6</B> are not generally more effective than <B>6</B>.
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<P><B>Note:</B> On AIX machines with integrated virtual memory (VM),
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the number of VM daemons is set to twice the value of this argument, if it is
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||
|
provided and the <B>-biods</B> argument is not. If both arguments
|
||
|
are omitted, there are five VM daemons.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-nosettime
|
||
|
</B><DD>Prevents the Cache Manager from synchronizing its clock with the clock on
|
||
|
a server machine selected at random, by checking the time on the server
|
||
|
machine every five minutes. Use this flag only on a machine that is
|
||
|
already using another time synchronization protocol (for example, a server
|
||
|
machine that is running the <B>runntp</B> process).
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-verbose
|
||
|
</B><DD>Generates a detailed trace of the <B>afsd</B> program's actions
|
||
|
on the standard output stream.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-rmtsys
|
||
|
</B><DD>Initializes an additional daemon to execute AFS-specific system calls on
|
||
|
behalf of NFS client machines. Use this flag only if the machine is an
|
||
|
NFS/AFS translator machine serving users of NFS client machines who execute
|
||
|
AFS commands.
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4192"></A>
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-debug
|
||
|
</B><DD>Generates a highly detailed trace of the <B>afsd</B> program's
|
||
|
actions on the standard output stream. The information is useful mostly
|
||
|
for debugging purposes.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-chunksize
|
||
|
</B><DD>Sets the size of each cache chunk. The integer provided, which must
|
||
|
be from the range <B>0</B> to <B>30</B>, is used as an exponent on the
|
||
|
number 2. It overrides the default of 16 for a disk cache
|
||
|
(2<SUP>16</SUP> is 64 KB) and 13 for a memory cache (2<SUP>13</SUP> is 8
|
||
|
KB). A value of <B>0</B> or less, or greater than <B>30</B>,
|
||
|
sets chunk size to the appropriate default. Values less than
|
||
|
<B>10</B> (which sets chunk size to a 1 KB) are not recommended.
|
||
|
Combining this argument with the <B>-dcache</B> argument is not
|
||
|
recommended because it requires that the issuer calculate the cache size that
|
||
|
results.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-dcache
|
||
|
</B><DD>Sets the number of dcache entries in memory, which are used to store
|
||
|
information about cache chunks. For a disk cache, this overrides the
|
||
|
default, which is 50% of the number of <B>V</B><VAR>n</VAR> files (cache
|
||
|
chunks). For a memory cache, this argument effectively sets the number
|
||
|
of cache chunks, but its use is not recommended, because it requires the
|
||
|
issuer to calculate the resulting total cache size (derived by multiplying
|
||
|
this value by the chunk size). Do not combine this argument with the
|
||
|
<B>-blocks</B> argument, since doing so can possibly result in a chunk
|
||
|
size that is not an exponent of 2.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-volumes
|
||
|
</B><DD>Specifies the number of memory structures to allocate for storing volume
|
||
|
location information. The default value is 50.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-biods
|
||
|
</B><DD>Sets the number of VM daemons dedicated to performing I/O operations on a
|
||
|
machine running a version of AIX with virtual memory (VM) integration.
|
||
|
If both this argument and the <B>-daemons</B> argument are omitted, the
|
||
|
default is five. If this argument is omitted but the
|
||
|
<B>-daemons</B> argument is provided, the number of VM daemons is set to
|
||
|
twice the value of the <B>-daemons</B> argument.
|
||
|
<TABLE><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Note:</B></TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Provide this argument only on a machine that runs AIX with VM
|
||
|
integration.
|
||
|
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-prealloc
|
||
|
</B><DD>Specifies the number of pieces of memory to preallocate for the Cache
|
||
|
Manager's internal use. The default initial value is 400, but the
|
||
|
Cache Manager dynamically allocates more memory as it needs it.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-confdir
|
||
|
</B><DD>Names a directory other than the <B>/usr/vice/etc</B> directory from
|
||
|
which to fetch the <B>cacheinfo</B>, <B>ThisCell</B>, and
|
||
|
<B>CellServDB</B> configuration files.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-logfile
|
||
|
</B><DD>Is obsolete and has no real effect. It specifies an alternate file
|
||
|
in which to record a type of trace that the Cache Manager no longer
|
||
|
generates; the default value is <B>/usr/vice/etc/AFSLog</B>.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-waitclose
|
||
|
</B><DD>Has no effect on the operation of the Cache Manager. The behavior
|
||
|
it affected in previous versions of the Cache Manager, to perform synchronous
|
||
|
writes to the File Server, is now the default behavior. To perform
|
||
|
asynchronous writes in certain cases, use the <B>fs storebehind</B>
|
||
|
command.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-shutdown
|
||
|
</B><DD>Shuts down the Cache Manager, but not in the most effective possible
|
||
|
way. Do not use this flag.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-enable_peer_stats
|
||
|
</B><DD>Activates the collection of Rx statistics and allocates memory for their
|
||
|
storage. For each connection with a specific UDP port on another
|
||
|
machine, a separate record is kept for each type of RPC (FetchFile, GetStatus,
|
||
|
and so on) sent or received. To display or otherwise access the
|
||
|
records, use the Rx Monitoring API.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-enable_process_stats
|
||
|
</B><DD>Activates the collection of Rx statistics and allocates memory for their
|
||
|
storage. A separate record is kept for each type of RPC (FetchFile,
|
||
|
GetStatus, and so on) sent or received, aggregated over all connections to
|
||
|
other machines. To display or otherwise access the records, use the Rx
|
||
|
Monitoring API.
|
||
|
<P><DT><B>-help
|
||
|
</B><DD>Prints the online help for this command. All other valid options
|
||
|
are ignored.
|
||
|
</DL>
|
||
|
<P><STRONG>Examples</STRONG>
|
||
|
<P>The <B>afsd</B> command is normally included in the machine's AFS
|
||
|
initialization file, rather than typed at the command shell prompt. For
|
||
|
most disk caches, the appropriate form is
|
||
|
<PRE> /usr/vice/etc/afsd
|
||
|
|
||
|
</PRE>
|
||
|
<P>The following command is appropriate when enabling a machine to act as an
|
||
|
NFS/AFS Translator machine serving more than five users.
|
||
|
<PRE> /usr/vice/etc/afsd -daemons 4 -rmtsys
|
||
|
|
||
|
</PRE>
|
||
|
<P>The following command initializes a memory cache and sets chunk size to 16
|
||
|
KB (2<SUP>14</SUP>).
|
||
|
<PRE> /usr/vice/etc/afsd -memcache -chunksize 14
|
||
|
|
||
|
</PRE>
|
||
|
<P><STRONG>Privilege Required</STRONG>
|
||
|
<P>The issuer must be logged in as the local superuser <B>root</B>.
|
||
|
<P><STRONG>Related Information</STRONG>
|
||
|
<P><A HREF="auarf017.htm#HDRCACHEITEMS">CacheItems</A>
|
||
|
<P><A HREF="auarf019.htm#HDRCLI_CSDB">CellServDB (client version)</A>
|
||
|
<P><A HREF="auarf032.htm#HDRCLI_THISCELL">ThisCell (client version)</A>
|
||
|
<P><A HREF="auarf036.htm#HDRVN">V<I>n</I></A>
|
||
|
<P><A HREF="auarf043.htm#HDRCACHEINFO">cacheinfo</A>
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4193"></A>
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4194"></A>
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4195"></A>
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4196"></A>
|
||
|
<A NAME="IDX4197"></A>
|
||
|
<P>
|
||
|
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