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<TITLE>Administration Reference</TITLE>
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="updated" CONTENT="Tue, 03 Oct 2000 16:18:29">
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<H1>Administration Reference</H1>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf231.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf233.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="HDRSALVAGER" HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC_246">salvager</A></H2>
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<A NAME="IDX5443"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX5444"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX5445"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX5446"></A>
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<P><STRONG>Purpose</STRONG>
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<P>Initializes the Salvager component of the <B>fs</B> process
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<P><STRONG>Synopsis</STRONG>
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<PRE><B>salvager</B> [<B>initcmd</B>] [<B>-partition</B> <<VAR>Name of partition to salvage</VAR>>]
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[<B>-volumeid</B> <<VAR>Volume Id to salvage</VAR>>] [<B>-debug</B>]
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[<B>-nowrite</B>] [<B>-inodes</B>] [<B>-force</B>] [<B>-oktozap</B>]
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[<B>-rootinodes</B>] [<B>-salvagedirs</B>] [<B>-blockreads</B>]
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[<B>-parallel</B> <<VAR># of max parallel partition salvaging</VAR>>]
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[<B>-tmpdir</B> <<VAR>Name of dir to place tmp files</VAR>>]
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[<B>-showlog</B>] [<B>-showsuid</B>] [<B>-showmounts</B>]
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[<B>-orphans</B> <<B>ignore</B> | <B>remove</B> | <B>attach</B>>] [<B>-help</B>]
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</PRE>
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<P>This command does not use the syntax conventions of the AFS command
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suites. Provide the command name and all option names in full.
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<P><STRONG>Description</STRONG>
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<P>The <B>salvager</B> command initializes the Salvager component of the
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<B>fs</B> process. In the conventional configuration, its binary
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file is located in the <B>/usr/afs/bin</B> directory on a file server
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machine.
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<P>The Salvager restores internal consistency to corrupted read/write volumes
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on the local file server machine where possible. For read-only or
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backup volumes, it inspects only the volume header:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>If the volume header is corrupted, the Salvager removes the volume
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completely and records the removal in its log file,
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B>. Issue the <B>vos release</B>
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or <B>vos backup</B> command to create the read-only or backup volume
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again.
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<P><LI>If the volume header is intact, the Salvager skips the volume (does not
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check for corruption in the contents). However, if the File Server
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notices corruption as it initializes, it sometimes refuses to attach the
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volume or bring it online. In this case, it is simplest to remove the
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volume by issuing the <B>vos remove</B> or <B>vos zap</B>
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command. Then issue the <B>vos release</B> or <B>vos backup</B>
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command to create it again.
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</UL>
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<P>Unlike other server process initialization commands, the
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<B>salvager</B> command is designed to be issued at the command shell
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prompt, as well as being placed into a file server machine's
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<B>/usr/afs/local/BosConfig</B> file with the <B>bos create</B>
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command. It is also possible to invoke the Salvager remotely by issuing
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the <B>bos salvage</B> command.
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<P>Combine the command's options as indicated to salvage different
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numbers of read/write volumes:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>To salvage all volumes on the file server machine, provide no
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arguments. No volumes on the machine are accessible to Cache Managers
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during the salvage, because the BOS Server stops the File Server and Volume
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Server processes while the Salvager runs.
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<P><LI>To salvage all of the volumes on one partition, provide the
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<B>-partition</B> argument. As for a salvage of all volumes on the
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machine, no volumes on the machine are accessible to Cache Managers during the
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salvage operation.
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<P><LI>To salvage only one volume, combine the <B>-partition</B> and
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<B>-volumeid</B> arguments. Only that volume is inaccessible to
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Cache Managers, because the BOS Server does not shutdown the File Server and
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Volume Server processes.
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</UL>
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<P>The Salvager normally salvages only those read/write volumes that are
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marked as having been active when a crash occurred. To have it salvage
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all relevant read/write volumes, add the <B>-force</B> flag.
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<P>The Salvager normally creates new inodes as it repairs damage. If
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the partition is so full that there is no room for new inodes, use the
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<B>-nowrite</B> argument to bringing undamaged volumes online without
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attempting to salvage damaged volumes. Then use the <B>vos move</B>
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command to move one or more of the undamaged volumes to other partitions,
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freeing up the space that the Salvager needs to create new inodes.
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<P>By default, multiple Salvager subprocesses run in parallel: one for
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each partition up to four, and four subprocesses for four or more
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partitions. To increase or decrease the number of subprocesses running
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in parallel, provide a positive integer value for the <B>-parallel</B>
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argument.
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<P>If there is more than one server partition on a physical disk, the Salvager
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by default salvages them serially to avoid the inefficiency of constantly
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moving the disk head from one partition to another. However, this
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strategy is often not ideal if the partitions are configured as logical
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volumes that span multiple disks. To force the Salvager to salvage
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logical volumes in parallel, provide the string <B>all</B> as the value
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for the <B>-parallel</B> argument. Provide a positive integer to
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specify the number of subprocesses to run in parallel (for example,
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<B>-parallel 5all</B> for five subprocesses), or omit the integer to run
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up to four subprocesses, depending on the number of logical volumes being
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salvaged.
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<P>The Salvager creates temporary files as it runs, by default writing them to
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the partition it is salvaging. The number of files can be quite large,
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and if the partition is too full to accommodate them, the Salvager terminates
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without completing the salvage operation (it always removes the temporary
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files before exiting). Other Salvager subprocesses running at the same
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time continue until they finish salvaging all other partitions where there is
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enough disk space for temporary files. To complete the interrupted
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salvage, reissue the command against the appropriate partitions, adding the
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<B>-tmpdir</B> argument to redirect the temporary files to a local disk
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directory that has enough space.
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<P>The <B>-orphans</B> argument controls how the Salvager handles orphaned
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files and directories that it finds on server partitions it is
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salvaging. An <I>orphaned</I> element is completely inaccessible
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because it is not referenced by the vnode of any directory that can act as its
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parent (is higher in the filespace). Orphaned objects occupy space on
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the server partition, but do not count against the volume's quota.
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<P>To generate a list of all mount points that reside in one or more volumes,
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rather than actually salvaging them, include the <B>-showmounts</B>
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flag.
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<P><STRONG>Options</STRONG>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>initcmd
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</B><DD>Accommodates the command's use of the AFS command parser, and is
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optional.
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<P><DT><B>-partition
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</B><DD>Specifies the name of the partition to salvage. Specify the full
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partition name using the form <B>/vicep</B><VAR>x</VAR> or
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<B>/vicep</B><VAR>xx</VAR>. Omit this argument to salvage every
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partition on the file server machine.
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<P><DT><B>-volumeid
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</B><DD>Specifies the volume ID of a specific read/write volume to salvage.
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The <B>-partition</B> argument must be provided along with this one and
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specify the volume's actual site.
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<P><DT><B>-debug
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</B><DD>Allows only one Salvager subprocess to run at a time, regardless of the
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setting of the <B>-parallel</B> option. Include it when running the
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Salvager in a debugger to make the trace easier to interpret.
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<P><DT><B>-nowrite
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</B><DD>Brings all undamaged volumes online without attempting to salvage any
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damaged volumes.
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<P><DT><B>-inodes
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</B><DD>Records in the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file a list of all AFS
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inodes that the Salvager modified.
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<P><DT><B>-force
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</B><DD>Inspects all volumes for corruption, not just those that are marked as
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having been active when a crash occurred.
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<P><DT><B>-oktozap
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</B><DD>Removes a volume that is so damaged that even issuing the <B>vos
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zap</B> command with the <B>-force</B> flag is ineffective. Use
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this argument only in consultation with AFS Development or Product
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Support. Combine it with the <B>-partition</B> and
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<B>-volumeid</B> arguments to identify the volume to remove.
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<P><DT><B>-rootinodes
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</B><DD>Records in the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file a list of all AFS
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inodes owned by the local superuser <B>root</B>.
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<P><DT><B>-salvagedirs
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</B><DD>Salvages entire directory structures, even if they do not appear to be
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damaged. By default, the Salvager salvages a directory only if it is
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flagged as corrupted.
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<P><DT><B>-blockreads
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</B><DD>Forces the Salvager to read a partition one disk block (512 bytes) at a
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time and to skip any blocks that are too badly damaged to be salvaged.
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This allows it to salvage as many volumes as possible. By default, the
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Salvager reads large disk blocks, which can cause it to exit prematurely if it
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encounters disk errors. Use this flag if the partition to be salvaged
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has disk errors.
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<P><DT><B>-parallel
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</B><DD>Specifies the maximum number of Salvager subprocesses to run in
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parallel. Provide one of three values:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>An integer from the range <B>1</B> to <B>32</B>. A value of
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<B>1</B> means that a single Salvager process salvages the partitions
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sequentially.
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<P><LI>The string <B>all</B> to run up to four Salvager subprocesses in
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parallel on partitions formatted as logical volumes that span multiple
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physical disks. Use this value only with such logical volumes.
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<P><LI>The string <B>all</B> followed immediately (with no intervening space)
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by an integer from the range <B>1</B> to <B>32</B>, to run the
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specified number of Salvager subprocesses in parallel on partitions formatted
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as logical volumes. Use this value only with such logical
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volumes.
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</UL>
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<P>The BOS Server never starts more Salvager subprocesses than there are
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partitions, and always starts only one process to salvage a single
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volume. If this argument is omitted, up to four Salvager subprocesses
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run in parallel.
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<P><DT><B>-tmpdir
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</B><DD>Names a local disk directory in which the Salvager places the temporary
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files it creates during a salvage operation, instead of writing them to the
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partition being salvaged (the default). If the Salvager cannot write to
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the specified directory, it attempts to write to the partition being
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salvaged.
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<P><DT><B>-showlog
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</B><DD>Displays on the standard output stream all log data that is being written
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to the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file.
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<P><DT><B>-showsuid
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</B><DD>Displays a list of the pathnames for all files that have the setuid or
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setgid mode bit set.
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<P><DT><B>-showmounts
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</B><DD>Records in the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file all mount points
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found in each volume. The Salvager does not repair corruption in the
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volumes, if any exists.
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<P><DT><B>-orphans
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</B><DD>Controls how the Salvager handles orphaned files and directories.
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Choose one of the following three values:
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>ignore
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</B><DD>Leaves the orphaned objects on the disk, but prints a message to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file reporting how many orphans were found
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and the approximate number of kilobytes they are consuming. This is the
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default if the <B>-orphans</B> argument is omitted.
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<P><DT><B>remove
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</B><DD>Removes the orphaned objects, and prints a message to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file reporting how many orphans were
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removed and the approximate number of kilobytes they were consuming.
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<P><DT><B>attach
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</B><DD>Attaches the orphaned objects by creating a reference to them in the vnode
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of the volume's root directory. Since each object's actual
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name is now lost, the Salvager assigns each one a name of the following
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form:
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<DL>
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<DD><P><B>_ _ORPHANFILE_ _.</B><VAR>index</VAR> for files
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<DD><P><B>_ _ORPHANDIR_ _.</B><VAR>index</VAR> for directories
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</DL>
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<P>
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<P>where <VAR>index</VAR> is a two-digit number that uniquely identifies each
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object. The orphans are charged against the volume's quota and
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appear in the output of the <B>ls</B> command issued against the
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volume's root directory.
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</DL>
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<P><DT><B>-help
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</B><DD>Prints the online help for this command. All other valid options
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are ignored.
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</DL>
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<P><STRONG>Examples</STRONG>
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<P>The following command instructs the Salvager to attempt to salvage the
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volume with volume ID 258347486 on <B>/vicepg</B> on the local
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machine.
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<PRE> % <B>/usr/afs/bin/salvager -partition /vicepg -volumeid 258347486</B>
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Privilege Required</STRONG>
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<P>To issue the command at the shell prompt, the issuer must be logged in as
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the local superuser <B>root</B>.
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<P><STRONG>Related Information</STRONG>
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<P><A HREF="auarf016.htm#HDRBOSCONFIG">BosConfig</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf030.htm#HDRSALVAGELOG">SalvageLog</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf098.htm#HDRBOS_CREATE">bos create</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf102.htm#HDRBOS_GETLOG">bos getlog</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf114.htm#HDRBOS_SALVAGE">bos salvage</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf268.htm#HDRVOS_MOVE">vos move</A>
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<P>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf231.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Top_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../top.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Top of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf233.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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