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<TITLE>Administration Reference</TITLE>
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<H1>Administration Reference</H1>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf236.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf238.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="HDRUDEBUG" HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC_251">udebug</A></H2>
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<A NAME="IDX5484"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX5485"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX5486"></A>
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<P><STRONG>Purpose</STRONG>
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<P>Reports status of Ubik process associated with a database server process
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<P><STRONG>Synopsis</STRONG>
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<PRE><B>udebug -servers</B> <<VAR>server machine</VAR>> [<B>-port</B> <<VAR>IP port</VAR>>] [<B>-long</B>] [<B>-help</B>]
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<B>udebug -s</B> <<VAR>server machine</VAR>> [<B>-p</B> <<VAR>IP port</VAR>>] [<B>-l</B>] [<B>-h</B>]
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Description</STRONG>
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<P>The <B>udebug</B> command displays the status of the lightweight Ubik
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process for the database server process identified by the <B>-port</B>
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argument that is running on the database server machine named by the
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<B>-servers</B> argument. The output identifies the machines where
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peer database server processes are running, which of them is the
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synchronization site (Ubik coordinator), and the status of the connections
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between them.
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<P><STRONG>Options</STRONG>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>-servers
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</B><DD>Names the database server machine that is running the process for which to
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display status information. Provide the machine's IP address in
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dotted decimal format, its fully qualified host name (for example,
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<B>fs1.abc.com</B>), or the shortest abbreviated form of its
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host name that distinguishes it from other machines. Successful use of
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an abbreviated form depends on the availability of a name resolution service
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(such as the Domain Name Service or a local host table) at the time the
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command is issued.
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<P><DT><B>-port
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</B><DD>Identifies the database server process for which to display status
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information, either by its process name or port number. Provide one of
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the following values.
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<DL>
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<DD><P><B>buserver</B> or <B>7021</B> for the Backup Server
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<DD><P><B>kaserver</B> or <B>7004</B> for the Authentication Server
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<DD><P><B>ptserver</B> or <B>7002</B> for the Protection Server
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<DD><P><B>vlserver</B> or <B>7003</B> for the Volume Location Server
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</DL>
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<P><DT><B>-long
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</B><DD>Reports additional information about each peer of the machine named by the
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<B>-servers</B> argument. The information appears by default if
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that machine is the synchronization site.
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<P><DT><B>-help
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</B><DD>Prints the online help for this command. All other valid options
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are ignored.
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</DL>
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<P><STRONG>Output</STRONG>
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<P>Several of the messages in the output provide basic status information
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about the Ubik process on the machine specified by the <B>-servers</B>
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argument, and the remaining messages are useful mostly for debugging
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purposes.
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<P>To check basic Ubik status, issue the command for each database server
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machine in turn. In the output for each, one of the following messages
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appears in the top third of the output.
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<PRE> I am sync site . . . (<VAR>#_sites</VAR> servers)
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I am not sync site
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</PRE>
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<P>For the synchronization site, the following message indicates that all
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sites have the same version of the database, which implies that Ubik is
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functioning correctly. See the following for a description of values
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other than <TT>1f</TT>.
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<PRE> Recovery state 1f
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</PRE>
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<P>For correct Ubik operation, the database server machine clocks must agree
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on the time. The following messages, which are the second and third
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lines in the output, report the current date and time according to the
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database server machine's clock and the clock on the machine where the
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<B>udebug</B> command is issued.
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<PRE> Host's <VAR>IP_addr</VAR> time is <VAR>dbserver_date/time</VAR>
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Local time is <VAR>local_date/time</VAR> (time differential <VAR>skew</VAR> secs)
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</PRE>
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<P>The <VAR>skew</VAR> is the difference between the database server machine
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clock and the local clock. Its absolute value is not vital for Ubik
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functioning, but a difference of more than a few seconds between the
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<VAR>skew</VAR> values for the database server machines indicates that their
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clocks are not synchronized and Ubik performance is possibly hampered.
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<P>Following is a description of all messages in the output. As noted,
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it is useful mostly for debugging and most meaningful to someone who
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understands Ubik's implementation.
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<P>The output begins with the following messages. The first message
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reports the IP addresses that are configured with the operating system on the
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machine specified by the <B>-servers</B> argument. As previously
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noted, the second and third messages report the current date and time
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according to the clocks on the database server machine and the machine where
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the <B>udebug</B> command is issued, respectively. All subsequent
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timestamps in the output are expressed in terms of the local clock rather than
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the database server machine clock.
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<PRE> Host's addresses are: <VAR>list_of_IP_addrs</VAR>
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Host's <VAR>IP_addr</VAR> time is <VAR>dbserver_date/time</VAR>
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Local time is <VAR>local_date/time</VAR> (time differential <VAR>skew</VAR> secs)
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</PRE>
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<P>If the <VAR>skew</VAR> is more than about 10 seconds, the following message
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appears. As noted, it does not necessarily indicate Ubik
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malfunction: it denotes clock skew between the database server machine
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and the local machine, rather than among the database server machines.
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<PRE> ****clock may be bad
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</PRE>
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<P>If the <B>udebug</B> command is issued during the coordinator election
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process and voting has not yet begun, the following message appears
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next.
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<PRE> Last yes vote not cast yet
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</PRE>
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<P>Otherwise, the output continues with the following messages.
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<PRE> Last yes vote for <VAR>sync_IP_addr</VAR> was <VAR>last_vote</VAR> secs ago (sync site);
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Last vote started <VAR>vote_start</VAR> secs ago (at <VAR>date/time</VAR>)
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Local db version is <VAR>db_version</VAR>
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</PRE>
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<P>The first indicates which peer this Ubik process last voted for as
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coordinator (it can vote for itself) and how long ago it sent the vote.
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The second message indicates how long ago the Ubik coordinator requested
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confirming votes from the secondary sites. Usually, the
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<VAR>last_vote</VAR> and <VAR>vote_start</VAR> values are the same; a
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difference between them can indicate clock skew or a slow network connection
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between the two database server machines. A small difference is not
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harmful. The third message reports the current version number
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<VAR>db_version</VAR> of the database maintained by this Ubik process. It
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has two fields separated by a period. The field before the period is
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based on a timestamp that reflects when the database first changed after the
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most recent coordinator election, and the field after the period indicates the
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number of changes since the election.
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<P>The output continues with messages that differ depending on whether the
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Ubik process is the coordinator or not.
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<UL>
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<P><LI>If there is only one database server machine, it is always the coordinator
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(synchronization site), as indicated by the following message.
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<PRE> I am sync site forever (1 server)
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</PRE>
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<P><LI>If there are multiple database sites, and the <B>-servers</B> argument
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names the coordinator (synchronization site), the output continues with the
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following two messages.
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<PRE> I am sync site until <VAR>expiration</VAR> secs from now (at <VAR>date/time</VAR>) (<VAR>#_sites</VAR> servers)
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Recovery state <VAR>flags</VAR>
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</PRE>
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<P>The first message reports how much longer the site remains coordinator even
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if the next attempt to maintain quorum fails, and how many sites are
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participating in the quorum. The <VAR>flags</VAR> field in the second
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message is a hexadecimal number that indicates the current state of the
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quorum. A value of <TT>1f</TT> indicates complete database
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synchronization, whereas a value of <TT>f</TT> means that the coordinator
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has the correct database but cannot contact all secondary sites to determine
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if they also have it. Lesser values are acceptable if the
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<B>udebug</B> command is issued during coordinator election, but they
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denote a problem if they persist. The individual flags have the
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following meanings:
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B><TT>0x1</TT>
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</B><DD>This machine is the coordinator
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<P><DT><B><TT>0x2</TT>
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</B><DD>The coordinator has determined which site has the database with the
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highest version number
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<P><DT><B><TT>0x4</TT>
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</B><DD>The coordinator has a copy of the database with the highest version number
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<P><DT><B><TT>0x8</TT>
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</B><DD>The database's version number has been updated correctly
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<P><DT><B><TT>0x10</TT>
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</B><DD>All sites have the database with the highest version number
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</DL>
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<P>If the <B>udebug</B> command is issued while the coordinator is writing
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a change into the database, the following additional message appears.
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<PRE> I am currently managing write transaction <VAR>identifier</VAR>
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</PRE>
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<P><LI>If the <B>-servers</B> argument names a secondary site, the output
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continues with the following messages.
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<PRE> I am not sync site
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Lowest host <VAR>lowest_IP_addr</VAR> was set <VAR>low_time</VAR> secs ago
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Sync host <VAR>sync_IP_addr</VAR> was set <VAR>sync_time</VAR> secs ago
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</PRE>
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<P>The <VAR>lowest_IP_addr</VAR> is the lowest IP address of any peer from which
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the Ubik process has received a message recently, whereas the
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<VAR>sync_IP_addr</VAR> is the IP address of the current coordinator. If
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they differ, the machine with the lowest IP address is not currently the
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coordinator. The Ubik process continues voting for the current
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coordinator as long as they remain in contact, which provides for maximum
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stability. However, in the event of another coordinator election, this
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Ubik process votes for the <VAR>lowest_IP_addr</VAR> site instead (assuming they
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are in contact), because it has a bias to vote in elections for the site with
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the lowest IP address.
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</UL>
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<P>For both the synchronization and secondary sites, the output continues with
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the following messages. The first message reports the version number of
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the database at the synchronization site, which needs to match the
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<VAR>db_version</VAR> reported by the preceding <TT>Local db version</TT>
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message. The second message indicates how many VLDB records are
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currently locked for any operation or for writing in particular. The
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values are nonzero if the <B>udebug</B> command is issued while an
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operation is in progress.
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<PRE> Sync site's db version is <VAR>db_version</VAR>
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<VAR>locked</VAR> locked pages, <VAR>writes</VAR> of them for write
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</PRE>
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<P>The following messages appear next only if there are any read or write
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locks on database records:
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<PRE> There are read locks held
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There are write locks held
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</PRE>
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<P>Similarly, one or more of the following messages appear next only if there
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are any read or write transactions in progress when the <B>udebug</B>
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command is issued:
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<PRE> There is an active write transaction
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There is at least one active read transaction
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Transaction tid is <VAR>tid</VAR>
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</PRE>
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<P>If the machine named by the <B>-servers</B> argument is the
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coordinator, the next message reports when the current coordinator last
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updated the database.
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<PRE> Last time a new db version was labelled was:
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<VAR>last_restart</VAR> secs ago (at <VAR>date/time</VAR>)
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</PRE>
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<P>If the machine named by the <B>-servers</B> argument is the
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coordinator, the output concludes with an entry for each secondary site that
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is participating in the quorum, in the following format.
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<PRE> Server( <VAR>IP_address</VAR> ): (db <VAR>db_version</VAR>)
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last vote rcvd <VAR>last_vote</VAR> secs ago (at <VAR>date/time</VAR>),
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last beacon sent <VAR>last_beacon</VAR> secs ago (at <VAR>date/time</VAR>), last vote was { yes | no }
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dbcurrent={ 0 | 1 }, up={ 0 | 1 } beaconSince={ 0 | 1 }
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</PRE>
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<P>The first line reports the site's IP address and the version number of
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the database it is maintaining. The <VAR>last_vote</VAR> field reports
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how long ago the coordinator received a vote message from the Ubik process at
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the site, and the <VAR>last_beacon</VAR> field how long ago the coordinator last
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requested a vote message. If the <B>udebug</B> command is issued
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during the coordinator election process and voting has not yet begun, the
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following messages appear instead.
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<PRE> Last vote never rcvd
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Last beacon never sent
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</PRE>
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<P>On the final line of each entry, the fields have the following
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meaning:
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<UL>
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<P><LI><TT>dbcurrent</TT> is <TT>1</TT> if the site has the database with the
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highest version number, <TT>0</TT> if it does not
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<P><LI><TT>up</TT> is <TT>1</TT> if the Ubik process at the site is
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functioning correctly, <TT>0</TT> if it is not
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<P><LI><TT>beaconSince</TT> is <TT>1</TT> if the site has responded to the
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coordinator's last request for votes, <TT>0</TT> if it has not
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</UL>
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<P>Including the <B>-long</B> flag produces peer entries even when the
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<B>-servers</B> argument names a secondary site, but in that case only the
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<VAR>IP_address</VAR> field is guaranteed to be accurate. For example,
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the value in the <VAR>db_version</VAR> field is usually <TT>0.0</TT>,
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because secondary sites do not poll their peers for this information.
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The values in the <VAR>last_vote</VAR> and <VAR>last_beacon</VAR> fields indicate
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when this site last received or requested a vote as coordinator; they
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generally indicate the time of the last coordinator election.
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<P><STRONG>Examples</STRONG>
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<P>This example checks the status of the Ubik process for the Volume Location
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Server on the machine <B>afs1</B>, which is the synchronization
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site.
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<PRE> % <B>udebug afs1 vlserver</B>
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Host's addresses are: 192.12.107.33
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Host's 192.12.107.33 time is Wed Oct 27 09:49:50 1999
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Local time is Wed Oct 27 09:49:52 1999 (time differential 2 secs)
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Last yes vote for 192.12.107.33 was 1 secs ago (sync site);
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Last vote started 1 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:49:51 1999)
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Local db version is 940902602.674
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I am sync site until 58 secs from now (at Wed Oct 27 09:50:50 1999) (3 servers)
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Recovery state 1f
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Sync site's db version is 940902602.674
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0 locked pages, 0 of them for write
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Last time a new db version was labelled was:
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129588 secs ago (at Mon Oct 25 21:50:04 1999)
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Server( 192.12.107.35 ): (db 940902602.674)
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last vote rcvd 2 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:49:50 1999),
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last beacon sent 1 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:49:51 1999), last vote was yes
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dbcurrent=1, up=1 beaconSince=1
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Server( 192.12.107.34 ): (db 940902602.674)
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last vote rcvd 2 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:49:50 1999),
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last beacon sent 1 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:49:51 1999), last vote was yes
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dbcurrent=1, up=1 beaconSince=1
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</PRE>
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<P>This example checks the status of the Authentication Server on the machine
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with IP address 192.12.107.34, which is a secondary
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site. The local clock is about 4 minutes behind the database server
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machine's clock.
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<PRE> % <B>udebug 192.12.107.34 7004</B>
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Host's addresses are: 192.12.107.34
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Host's 192.12.107.34 time is Wed Oct 27 09:54:15 1999
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Local time is Wed Oct 27 09:50:08 1999 (time differential -247 secs)
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****clock may be bad
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Last yes vote for 192.12.107.33 was 6 secs ago (sync site);
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Last vote started 6 secs ago (at Wed Oct 27 09:50:02 1999)
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Local db version is 940906574.25
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I am not sync site
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Lowest host 192.12.107.33 was set 6 secs ago
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Sync host 192.12.107.33 was set 6 secs ago
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Sync site's db version is 940906574.25
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0 locked pages, 0 of them for write
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Privilege Required</STRONG>
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<P><STRONG>Related Information</STRONG>
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<P><A HREF="auarf125.htm#HDRBUSERVER">buserver</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf198.htm#HDRKASERVER">kaserver</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf227.htm#HDRPTSERVER">ptserver</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf249.htm#HDRVLSERVER">vlserver</A>
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<P>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf236.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Top_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../top.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Top of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf238.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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