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<TITLE>Administration Reference</TITLE>
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<H1>Administration Reference</H1>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf113.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf115.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="HDRBOS_SALVAGE" HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC_128">bos salvage</A></H2>
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<A NAME="IDX4609"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4610"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX4611"></A>
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<P><STRONG>Purpose</STRONG>
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<P>Restores internal consistency to a file system or volume
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<P><STRONG>Synopsis</STRONG>
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<PRE><B>bos salvage -server</B> <<VAR>machine name</VAR>> [<B>-partition</B> <<VAR>salvage partition</VAR>>]
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[<B>-volume</B> <<VAR>salvage volume number or volume name</VAR>>]
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[<B>-file</B> <<VAR>salvage log output file</VAR>>] [<B>-all</B>] [<B>-showlog</B>]
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[<B>-parallel</B> <<VAR># of max parallel partition salvaging</VAR>>]
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[<B>-tmpdir</B> <<VAR>directory to place tmp files</VAR>>]
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[<B>-orphans</B> <<B>ignore</B> | <B>remove</B> | <B>attach</B>>]
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[<B>-cell</B> <<VAR>cell name</VAR>>]
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[<B>-noauth</B>] [<B>-localauth</B>] [<B>-help</B>]
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<B>bos sa -se</B> <<VAR>machine name</VAR>> [<B>-part</B> <<VAR>salvage partition</VAR>>]
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[<B>-v</B> <<VAR>salvage volume number or volume name</VAR>>]
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[<B>-f</B> <<VAR>salvage log output file</VAR>>] [<B>-a</B>] [<B>-sh</B>]
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[<B>-para</B> <<VAR># of max parallel partition salvaging</VAR>>]
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[<B>-t</B> <<VAR>directory to place tmp files</VAR>>]
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[<B>-o</B> <<B>ignore</B> | <B>remove</B> | <B>attach</B>>]
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[<B>-c</B> <<VAR>cell name</VAR>>] [<B>-n</B>] [<B>-l</B>] [<B>-h</B>]
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Description</STRONG>
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<P>The <B>bos salvage</B> command salvages (restores internal consistency
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to) one or more volumes on the file server machine named by the
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<B>-server</B> argument. When processing one or more partitions,
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the command restores consistency to corrupted read/write volumes where
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possible. For read-only or backup volumes, it inspects only the volume
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header:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>If the volume header is corrupted, the Salvager removes the volume
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completely and records the removal in its log file,
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B>. Issue the <B>vos release</B>
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or <B>vos backup</B> command to create the read-only or backup volume
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again.
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<P><LI>If the volume header is intact, the Salvager skips the volume (does not
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check for corruption in the contents). However, if the File Server
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notices corruption as it initializes, it sometimes refuses to attach the
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volume or bring it online. In this case, it is simplest to remove the
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volume by issuing the <B>vos remove</B> or <B>vos zap</B>
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command. Then issue the <B>vos release</B> or <B>vos backup</B>
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command to create it again.
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</UL>
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<P>Use the indicated arguments to salvage a specific number of volumes:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>To process all volumes on a file server machine, provide the
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<B>-server</B> argument and the <B>-all</B> flag. No volumes on
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the machine are accessible to Cache Managers during the salvage operation,
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because the BOS Server stops the File Server and Volume Server processes while
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the Salvager runs. The BOS Server automatically restarts them when the
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operation completes.
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<P><LI>To process all volumes on one partition, provide the <B>-server</B>
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and <B>-partition</B> arguments. As for a salvage of the entire
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machine, no volumes on the machine are accessible to Cache Managers during the
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salvage operation. The BOS Server automatically restarts the File
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Server and Volume Server when the operation completes.
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<P><LI>To salvage only one read/write volume, combine the <B>-server</B>,
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<B>-partition</B>, and <B>-volume</B> arguments. Only that
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volume is inaccessible to Cache Managers, because the BOS Server does not
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shutdown the File Server and Volume Server processes during the salvage of a
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single volume. Do not name a read-only or backup volume with the
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<B>-volume</B> argument. Instead, remove the volume, using the
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<B>vos remove</B> or <B>vos zap</B> command. Then create a new
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copy of the volume with the <B>vos release</B> or <B>vos backup</B>
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command.
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</UL>
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<P>During the salvage of an entire machine or partition, the <B>bos
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status</B> command reports the <B>fs</B> process's auxiliary status
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as <TT>Salvaging file system</TT>.
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<P>The Salvager always writes a trace to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file on the file server machine where it
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runs. To record the trace in another file as well (either in AFS or on
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the local disk of the machine where the <B>bos salvage</B> command is
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issued), name the file with the <B>-file</B> argument. To display
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the trace on the standard output stream as it is written to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file, include the <B>-showlog</B>
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flag.
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<P>By default, multiple Salvager subprocesses run in parallel: one for
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each partition up to four, and four subprocesses for four or more
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partitions. To increase or decrease the number of subprocesses running
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in parallel, provide a positive integer value for the <B>-parallel</B>
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argument.
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<P>If there is more than one server partition on a physical disk, the Salvager
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by default salvages them serially to avoid the inefficiency of constantly
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moving the disk head from one partition to another. However, this
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strategy is often not ideal if the partitions are configured as logical
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volumes that span multiple disks. To force the Salvager to salvage
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logical volumes in parallel, provide the string <B>all</B> as the value
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for the <B>-parallel</B> argument. Provide a positive integer to
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specify the number of subprocesses to run in parallel (for example,
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<B>-parallel 5all</B> for five subprocesses), or omit the integer to run
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up to four subprocesses, depending on the number of logical volumes being
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salvaged.
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<P>The Salvager creates temporary files as it runs, by default writing them to
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the partition it is salvaging. The number of files can be quite large,
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and if the partition is too full to accommodate them, the Salvager terminates
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without completing the salvage operation (it always removes the temporary
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files before exiting). Other Salvager subprocesses running at the same
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time continue until they finish salvaging all other partitions where there is
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enough disk space for temporary files. To complete the interrupted
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salvage, reissue the command against the appropriate partitions, adding the
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<B>-tmpdir</B> argument to redirect the temporary files to a local disk
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directory that has enough space.
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<P>The <B>-orphans</B> argument controls how the Salvager handles orphaned
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files and directories that it finds on server partitions it is
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salvaging. An <I>orphaned</I> element is completely inaccessible
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because it is not referenced by the vnode of any directory that can act as its
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parent (is higher in the filespace). Orphaned objects occupy space on
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the server partition, but do not count against the volume's quota.
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<P><STRONG>Cautions</STRONG>
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<P>Running this command can result in data loss if the Salvager process can
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repair corruption only by removing the offending data. Consult the
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<I>IBM AFS Administration Guide</I> for more information.
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<P><STRONG>Options</STRONG>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>-server
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</B><DD>Indicates the file server machine on which to salvage volumes.
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Identify the machine by IP address or its host name (either fully-qualified or
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abbreviated unambiguously). For details, see the introductory reference
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page for the <B>bos</B> command suite.
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<P><DT><B>-partition
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</B><DD>Specifies a single partition on which to salvage all volumes.
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Provide the complete partition name (for example <B>/vicepa</B>) or one of
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the following abbreviated forms:
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<PRE> <B>/vicepa</B> = <B>vicepa</B> = <B>a</B> = <B>0</B>
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<B>/vicepb</B> = <B>vicepb</B> = <B>b</B> = <B>1</B>
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<P>After <B>/vicepz</B> (for which the index is 25) comes
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<PRE> <B>/vicepaa</B> = <B>vicepaa</B> = <B>aa</B> = <B>26</B>
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<B>/vicepab</B> = <B>vicepab</B> = <B>ab</B> = <B>27</B>
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</PRE>
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<P>and so on through
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<PRE> <B>/vicepiv</B> = <B>vicepiv</B> = <B>iv</B> = <B>255</B>
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</PRE>
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<P><DT><B>-volume
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</B><DD>Specifies the name or volume ID number of a read/write volume to
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salvage. The <B>-partition</B> argument must be provided along with
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this one.
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<P><DT><B>-file
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</B><DD>Specifies the complete pathname of a file into which to write a trace of
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the salvage operation, in addition to the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B>
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file on the server machine. If the file pathname is local, the trace is
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written to the specified file on the local disk of the machine where the
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<B>bos salvage</B> command is issued. If the <B>-volume</B>
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argument is included, the file can be in AFS, though not in the volume being
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salvaged. Do not combine this argument with the <B>-showlog</B>
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flag.
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<P><DT><B>-all
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</B><DD>Salvages all volumes on all of the partitions on the machine named by the
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<B>-server</B> argument.
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<P><DT><B>-showlog
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</B><DD>Displays the trace of the salvage operation on the standard output stream,
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as well as writing it to the <B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file.
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Do not combine this flag with the <B>-file</B> argument.
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<P><DT><B>-parallel
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</B><DD>Specifies the maximum number of Salvager subprocesses to run in
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parallel. Provide one of three values:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>An integer from the range <B>1</B> to <B>32</B>. A value of
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<B>1</B> means that a single Salvager process salvages the partitions
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sequentially.
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<P><LI>The string <B>all</B> to run up to four Salvager subprocesses in
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parallel on partitions formatted as logical volumes that span multiple
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physical disks. Use this value only with such logical volumes.
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<P><LI>The string <B>all</B> followed immediately (with no intervening space)
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by an integer from the range <B>1</B> to <B>32</B>, to run the
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specified number of Salvager subprocesses in parallel on partitions formatted
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as logical volumes. Use this value only with such logical
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volumes.
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</UL>
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<P>The BOS Server never starts more Salvager subprocesses than there are
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partitions, and always starts only one process to salvage a single
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volume. If this argument is omitted, up to four Salvager subprocesses
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run in parallel.
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<P><DT><B>-tmpdir
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</B><DD>Specifies the full pathname of a local disk directory to which the
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Salvager process writes temporary files as it runs. If this argument is
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omitted, or specifies an ineligible or nonexistent directory, the Salvager
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process writes the files to the partition it is currently salvaging.
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<P><DT><B>-orphans
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</B><DD>Controls how the Salvager handles orphaned files and directories.
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Choose one of the following three values:
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<DL>
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<P><DT><B>ignore
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</B><DD>Leaves the orphaned objects on the disk, but prints a message to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file reporting how many orphans were found
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and the approximate number of kilobytes they are consuming. This is the
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default if the <B>-orphans</B> argument is omitted.
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<P><DT><B>remove
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</B><DD>Removes the orphaned objects, and prints a message to the
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<B>/usr/afs/logs/SalvageLog</B> file reporting how many orphans were
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removed and the approximate number of kilobytes they were consuming.
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<P><DT><B>attach
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</B><DD>Attaches the orphaned objects by creating a reference to them in the vnode
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of the volume's root directory. Since each object's actual
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name is now lost, the Salvager assigns each one a name of the following
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form:
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<DL>
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<DD><P><B>_ _ORPHANFILE_ _.</B><VAR>index</VAR> for files
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<DD><P><B>_ _ORPHANDIR_ _.</B><VAR>index</VAR> for directories
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</DL>
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<P>
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<P>where <VAR>index</VAR> is a two-digit number that uniquely identifies each
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object. The orphans are charged against the volume's quota and
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appear in the output of the <B>ls</B> command issued against the
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volume's root directory.
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</DL>
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<P><DT><B><B>-cell</B>
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</B><DD>Names the cell in which to run the command. Do not combine this
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argument with the <B>-localauth</B> flag. For more details, see the
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introductory <B>bos</B> reference page.
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<P><DT><B><B>-noauth</B>
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</B><DD>Assigns the unprivileged identity <B>anonymous</B> to the
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issuer. Do not combine this flag with the <B>-localauth</B>
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flag. For more details, see the introductory <B>bos</B> reference
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page.
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<P><DT><B><B>-localauth</B>
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</B><DD>Constructs a server ticket using a key from the local
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<B>/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile</B> file. The <B>bos</B> command
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interpreter presents the ticket to the BOS Server during mutual
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authentication. Do not combine this flag with the <B>-cell</B> or
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<B>-noauth</B> options. For more details, see the introductory
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<B>bos</B> reference page.
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<P><DT><B>-help
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</B><DD>Prints the online help for this command. All other valid options
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are ignored.
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</DL>
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<P><STRONG>Examples</STRONG>
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<P>The following command salvages all volumes on the <B>/vicepd</B>
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partition of the machine <B>db3.abc.com</B>:
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<PRE> % <B>bos salvage -server db3.abc.com -partition /vicepd</B>
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</PRE>
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<P>The following command salvages the volume with volume ID number 536870988
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on partition <B>/vicepb</B> of the machine
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<B>fs2.abc.com</B>:
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<PRE> % <B>bos salvage -server fs2.abc.com -partition /vicepb -volume 536870988</B>
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</PRE>
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<P>The following command salvages all volumes on the machine
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<B>fs4.abc.com</B>. Six Salvager processes run in
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parallel rather than the default four.
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<PRE> % <B>bos salvage -server fs4.abc.com -all -parallel 6</B>
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Privilege Required</STRONG>
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<P>The issuer must be listed in the <B>/usr/afs/etc/UserList</B> file on
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the machine named by the <B>-server</B> argument, or must be logged onto a
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server machine as the local superuser <B>root</B> if the
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<B>-localauth</B> flag is included.
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<P><STRONG>Related Information</STRONG>
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<P><A HREF="auarf023.htm#HDRKEYFILE">KeyFile</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf030.htm#HDRSALVAGELOG">SalvageLog</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf035.htm#HDRUSERLIST">UserList</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf093.htm#HDRBOS_INTRO">bos</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf232.htm#HDRSALVAGER">salvager</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf255.htm#HDRVOS_BACKUP">vos backup</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf270.htm#HDRVOS_RELEASE">vos release</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf271.htm#HDRVOS_REMOVE">vos remove</A>
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<P><A HREF="auarf280.htm#HDRVOS_ZAP">vos zap</A>
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<P><I>IBM AFS Administration Guide</I>
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<P>
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<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auarf002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auarf113.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Top_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../top.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Top of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf115.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auarf284.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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