openafs/doc/txt/winnotes/afs-install-notes.txt

OpenAFS for Windows 1.3.66 Installation Notes
---------------------------------------------

The OpenAFS for Windows product was very poorly maintained throughout the 
1.2.x release cycle.  While the Unix version was being enhanced and its 
quality was improving the Windows version stagnated.  The IBM AFS 3.6 product 
was not designed for the Windows 2000/XP/2003 operating system nor was it 
constructed with highly disconnected environments in mind.

The 1.3.x series of releases not only fixes a large number of bugs in the 1.2 
series but also attempts to enhance the functionality of the product to better 
fit the usage model of today's users.  Several items standout.  

1. The Kerberos 4 infrastructure on which the 1.2 series is reliant is no 
longer secure.  Cross-realm Kerberos is very important in the AFS context and 
most sites have or are migrating to Kerberos 5 environments.  The 1.3 series 
integrates with the MIT Kerberos for Windows 2.6.x product to provide Kerberos 
5 functionality including the ability to auto-renew credentials and obtain 
single sign-on capabilities with the Microsoft Windows Kerberos Logon Service.

The 1.3.65 OpenAFS client will directly use Kerberos 5 tickets as tokens if 
KFW is installed.  It requires that all of the AFS Servers which it 
communicates support Kerberos 5 tickets. For OpenAFS this is any release 1.2.8 
or higher.

When using a Microsoft Windows Active Directory as your KDC for the AFS cell 
extremely large tickets may be issued.  If this is your situation you either 
must modify your 1.2.x servers to support tokens larger than a few hundred 
bytes; or install the 1.3.64 or higher release on your servers.

2. The AFS Client Service does not provide robust behavior in an environment 
with a plug-n-play network environment.  Changes to the number of network 
adapters or the assigned IP addresses will cause the client to panic.  The 
recommended work around for this problem is to install on the machine the 
Microsoft Loopback Adapter.  When the MLA is installed with a static IP 
address the AFS Client Service will bind only to the loopback and not be 
affected by changes to state of other network adapters installed on the 
system.  

Starting in the 1.3.65 release the installers provided by OpenAFS.org will 
install the Microsoft Loopback Adapter for you with a name of "AFS" and a 
pre-assigned IP address in the 10.x.x.x range.

One of the benefits of using the MLA is that the NETBIOS names used for the 
AFS Client's SMB server do not have to be published on any adapter other than 
the MLA.  This means that the names no longer need to be unique.  When the MLA 
is in use, the NETBIOS name associated with the AFS Client Service is simply 
"AFS".  When the MLA is not in use the NETBIOS name is "MACHINE-AFS".

With the MLA installed, UNC paths of the form \\AFS\cellname\path may be used.

3. When the AFS Client Service starts it must be able to contact the root.afs 
volume of the default cell.  If the root.afs volume is not accessible when the 
client service is started, the service will panic.  Since many users now use 
laptops or otherwise operate in disconnected environments in which a VPN may 
be needed to access the cell's servers, it is often the case that the root.afs 
volume for the default cell will not be reachable and the client service 
cannot successfully start. 
 
In the 1.3.65 release there is support for a fake root.afs volume which is 
dynamically constructed when the afs client service starts. This is called 
Freelance mode.  Freelance mode is turned on by default in the OpenAFS.org 
installers.  

A couple of notes about Freelance mode.  First, since the fake root.afs volume 
is constructed on the fly, when it is first used there will be no entries in 
the volume.  Do not be concerned. Any attempt to access a valid cell name will 
automatically result in a new read-only mount point being created in the fake 
root.afs volume.  These mount points are preserved between service starts in 
the %WINDIR%\afs_freelance.ini file.  

As of 1.3.66, Freelance mode supports read-write mount points in the fake
root.afs volume.  In addition, if the mount point list is empty, mount points
for "cellname" (ro) and ".cellname" (rw) will be automatically generated.

4. The OpenAFS for Windows client will make use of AFSDB DNS records to 
discover cell information when it is not located in the local CellServDB file 
(%WINDIR%\afsdcell.ini).

5. OpenAFS for Windows 1.3.65 only supports Windows 2000, Windows XP, and 
Windows 2003.  Windows NT 4.0 and the entire Windows 9x/Me line are not 
supported.  If OpenAFS for Windows runs on those platforms it is by sheer 
luck.

6. OpenAFS for Windows installs a Network Provider for use in supporting an 
Integrated Logon (Single Sign-on) functionality. Integrated Logon can be used 
when the Windows username and password match the username and password 
associated with the default cell's Kerberos realm.  For example, if the 
windows username is "jaltman" and the default cell is "athena.mit.edu", then 
Integrated Logon can be successfully used if the windows password matches the 
password used for the Kerberos principal "jaltman@ATHENA.MIT.EDU".

Integrated Logon is required if you desire the ability to store roaming user 
profiles within the AFS file system.  OpenAFS does not provide tools for 
synchronizing the Windows and Kerberos user accounts and passwords.

If KFW is installed, the Integrated Logon will use Kerberos 5 to obtain 
tokens.  Otherwise, Kerberos 4 is used.

There is a High Security mode for use with Integrated Logon when multiple 
users will share a single machine.  There are known problems with this mode.  
In particular, if you are using this mode it is crucial that new AFS tokens 
not be obtained after the logon session starts except via the AFS Systray tool 
as started by the AFS Network Provider.  If the AFS Systray tool is stopped 
you must log off to obtain new tokens.  Do not use external tools such as 
"aklog.exe" if High Security mode is turned on. As of 1.3.66, OpenAFS supports 
Authenticated SMB connections which removes the need for High Security mode. 
DO NOT USE IT!!!!! 

7. The AFS Systray tool (afscreds.exe) supports several new command line 
options: 

    -A = autoinit 
    -M = renew drive maps 
    -N = ip address change detection 
    -Z = unmap drives

autoinit will result in automated attempts to acquire AFS tokens when 
afscreds.exe is started.  When used in combination with ip address change 
detection, afscreds.exe will attempt to acquire AFS tokens whenever a new IP 
address is added to the system.

The renew drive maps option is used to ensure that the user drive maps 
constructs via the AFS tools (not NET USE) are re-constructed at afscreds.exe 
start time.

By default afscreds.exe is configured by the OpenAFS.org installers to use -A 
-N -M as startup options.  Currently, there is no UI to change this selection 
after install time although these options may be set via the registry either 
per machine or per user.

8. Some attempts in the 1.3.65 release have been made to restrict the behavior 
of users with regards to their ability to alter the state of the AFS Client 
Service.  For example, the following fs.exe commands are now restricted to 
Administrator:

    - checkservers with a non-zero timer value
    - setcachesize
    - newcell
    - sysname with a new sysname list
    - exportafs
    - setcell
    - setserverprefs
    - storebehind
    - setcrypt
    - cscpolicy
    - trace

setting the default sysname for a machine should be done via the registry and 
not via "fs sysname".

Some of the AFS Client Configuration Control Panel options are also restricted 
to use by the "Administrator" account.

9. As of 1.3.65, the AFS Client should support UNC paths everywhere.

10. The AFS Client ships with its own version of aklog.exe which should be 
used in preference to those obtained by third party sources.

Usage: aklog [-d] [[-cell | -c] cell [-k krb_realm]]
             [[-p | -path] pathname]
             [-noprdb] [-force]
             [-5 | -4]

   -d gives debugging information.
   krb_realm is the kerberos realm of a cell.
   pathname is the name of a directory to which you wish to authenticate.
   -noprdb means don't try to determine AFS ID.
   -5 or -4 selects whether to use Kerberos V or Kerberos IV.
      (default is Kerberos V)
   No commandline arguments means authenticate to the local cell.

11. The AFS Server functionality provided with OpenAFS 1.3.65 does work but 
should be considered experimental.  It has not been thoroughly tested.

12. The OpenAFS for Windows installers now include Symbol information which 
should be installed if you are experiencing problems and need to send crash 
reports.

13. OpenAFS for Windows does not support files larger than 2GB.

14. There are documented problems running the AFS Client on Hyperthreaded 
Pentium 4 machines.  As of 1.3.66, a registry entry may be created to specify
that the AFS Client Service should only use a single processor.  If you have
a hyperthreaded system it is strongly advised that this registry value be set.
See "registry.txt" for details on the MaxCPUs value. 

15. OpenAFS for Windows currently requires the use of TCP based RPC. If the 
machine is restricted to Local RPC only, you will be unable to store tokens.
As of 1.3.66, Local RPC is used as the default RPC mechanism for setting 
tokens.  TCP RPC is still used for debugging and other functions.

16. OpenAFS for Windows does not automatically open ports in the Windows 
Internet Connection Firewall.  You must manually open port 7001 to allow for 
incoming callback messages to be received by AFS file servers.

17. The OpenAFS for Windows installer by default activates a weak form of 
encrypted data transfer between the AFS client and the AFS servers.  This
is often referred to as "crypt" mode.

18. OpenAFS 1.3.66 adds support for authenticated SMB connections using 
either NTLM or GSS SPNEGO (NTLM, Kerberos 5, ...).  In previous versions
of OpenAFS the SMB connections were unauthenticated which left open the
door for several security holes which could be used to obtain access to
the use of other user's tokens on shared machines.  With the introduction
of authenticated SMB connections the so called High Security mode should
no longer be used.  

When GSS SPNEGO results in a Kerberos 5 authentication, the Windows SMB
client will attempt to retrieve service tickets for "cifs/afs@REALM" (if 
the loopback adapter is in use) or "cifs/machine-afs@REALM" (if the loopback
adapter is not being used).  It is extremely important that this service 
principal not exist in the KDC database.   If the request for this ticket
fails, a subsequent request for "cifs/HOST$@REALM" will be issued.  This 
service principal should exist in the KDC database.  The key associated 
with this service principal must match the key assigned to 
"host/machine@REALM".  If the local machine is part of a Windows Domain
this will all be taken care of for you.  If the local machine is using
a non-MS KDC for authentication, then your KDC administrator will have to
add these service principals to the list of principals to be maintained
for each host.

19. As of 1.3.66, the use of INI files for the storage of AFS configuration
data is no more.  No longer are there any AFS related files stored in the
%WINDIR% directory.  The CellServDB file is no longer called "afsdsbmt.ini"
and it is stored in the OpenAFS\Client directory.  The afs_freelance.ini
and afsdsbmt.ini file data has been moved to the registry.  

IMPORTANT: while the CellServDB file location and freelance mountpoint
data will be automatically migrated; there is no mechanism for automatic
migration of Submounts, Drive Mappings, Active Maps, and CSCPolicy data.

20. As of 1.3.66, the OpenAFS Client is compatible with Windows XP SP2.
The Internet Connection Firewall will be automatically adjusted to allow
the receipt of incoming callback messages from the AFS file server.  In 
addition, the appropriate Back Connection entries are added to the registry
to allow SMB authentication to be performed across the loopback connection.

21. As of 1.3.66, the OpenAFS Client Service supports the CIFS Remote
Admin Protocol which provides browsing of server and share information.
This significantly enhances the functionality of AFS volumes within the
Explorer Shell.

22. OpenAFS will now automatically forget a user's tokens upon Logoff
unless the user's profile was loaded from an AFS volume.  In this situation
there is no mechanism to determine when the profile has been successfully
written back to the network.  It is therefore unsafe to release the user's
tokens.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Reporting Bugs:

Bug reports should be sent to openafs-bugs@openafs.org.  Please include as 
much information as possible about the issue.  If you are reporting a crash, 
please install the debugging symbols by re-running the installer.  If a dump 
file is available for the problem include it along with the AFS Client Trace 
file  %WINDIR%\TEMP\afsd.log.  The AFS Client startup log is 
%WINDIR%\TEMP\afsd_init.log.  Send the last continuous block of log 
information from this file.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

How to Contribute to the Development of OpenAFS for Windows:

Contributions to the development of OpenAFS for Windows are needed. 
Contributions may take many forms including cash donations, support contracts, 
donated developer time, and even donated tech writer time.

If you wish to be involved in OpenAFS for Windows development please join the 
openafs-win32-devel@openafs.org mailing list.

  https://lists.openafs.org/mailman/listinfo/openafs-win32-devel

User questions should be sent to the openafs-info@openafs.org mailing list.  

  https://lists.openafs.org/mailman/listinfo/openafs-info

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