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<H1>User Guide</H1>
<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auusg002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auusg011.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg013.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg013.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
<HR><H1><A NAME="HDRWQ90" HREF="auusg002.htm#ToC_182">Appendix C. Glossary</A></H1>
<DL>
<P><DT><B><B>a (administer) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that allows the possessor to change the entries on the
ACL .
<P><DT><B><B>a Privacy Flag</B>
</B><DD>The fourth privacy flag on a group, which enables the possessor to add
members to it.
<P><DT><B><B>Access Control List (ACL)</B>
</B><DD>A list associated with an AFS directory that specifies what actions a user
or group can perform on the directory and the files in it. There are
seven access permissions: <B>a</B> (<B>administer</B>),
<B>d</B> (<B>delete</B>), <B>i</B> (<B>insert</B>),
<B>k</B> (<B>lock</B>), <B>l</B> (<B>lookup</B>), <B>r</B>
(<B>read</B>), and <B>w</B> (<B>write</B>).
<P><DT><B><B>ACL Entry</B>
</B><DD>An entry on an ACL that pairs a user or group with specific access
permissions.
<P><DT><B><B>Alias</B>
</B><DD>An alternative name for an AFS command.
<P><DT><B><B>all ACL Shorthand</B>
</B><DD>A shorthand notation used with the <B>fs setacl</B> command to
represent all seven permissions.
<P><DT><B><B>Anonymous</B>
</B><DD>The identity assigned to a user who does not have a valid token for the
local cell.
<P><DT><B><B>Argument</B>
</B><DD>The portion of a command that names an entity to be affected by the
command. Arguments consist of two parts: a <I>switch</I> and
one or more <I>instances</I>. Some AFS commands take one or more
arguments.
<P><DT><B><B>Authenticate</B>
</B><DD>To become recognized as a valid AFS user by providing the correct
password. Authenticate by logging onto a machine that uses an
AFS-modified login utility or by issuing the <B>klog</B> command.
Only authenticated users can perform most AFS actions.
<P><DT><B><B>Byte, kilobyte</B>
</B><DD>A unit of measure used to measure usage of space in a volume or on a
partition. A kilobyte block is equal to 1024 bytes.
<P><DT><B><B>Cache Manager</B>
</B><DD>A set of modifications to the operating system on a client machine which
enables users on the machine to access files stored in AFS. The Cache
Manager requests files from the File Server and stores (<I>caches</I>) a
copy of each file on the client machine's local disk. Application
programs then use the cached copy, which eliminates repeated network requests
to file server machines.
<P><DT><B><B>Cached File</B>
</B><DD>A copy of a file that the Cache Manager stores on a workstation's
local disk.
<P><DT><B><B>Callback</B>
</B><DD>A promise from the File Server to contact the Cache Manager if the
centrally stored copy of the file changes while the Cache Manager has a cached
copy. If the file is altered, the File Server <I>breaks</I> the
callback. The next time an application program asks for data from the
file, the Cache Manager notices the broken callback and retrieves an updated
copy of the file from the File Server. Callbacks ensure the user is
working with the most recent copy of a file.
<P><DT><B><B>Cell</B>
</B><DD>An independently administered site running AFS, consisting of a collection
of file server machines and client machines defined to belong to the
cell. A machine can belong to only one cell at a time.
<P><DT><B><B>Client Machines</B>
</B><DD>Computers that perform computations for users. Users normally work
on a client machine, accessing files stored on a file server machine.
<P><DT><B><B>Client/Server Computing</B>
</B><DD>A computing system in which two types of computers (client machines and
server machines) perform different specialized functions.
<P><DT><B><B>Command</B>
</B><DD>A string of characters indicating an action for an AFS server to
perform. For a description of AFS command syntax, see <A HREF="auusg011.htm#HDRWQ86">Appendix B, AFS Command Syntax and Online Help</A>.
<P><DT><B><B>Command Suite</B>
</B><DD>A group of AFS commands with related functions. The command suite
name is the first word in many AFS commands.
<P><DT><B><B>Complete Pathname</B>
</B><DD>A full specification of a file's location in AFS, starting at the
root of the filespace (by convention mounted at the <B>/afs</B> directory)
and specifying all the directories the Cache Manager must pass through to
access the file. The names of the directories are separated by
slashes.
<P><DT><B><B>d (delete) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that enables the possessor to remove elements from a
directory.
<P><DT><B><B>Directory</B>
</B><DD>A logical structure containing a collection of files and other
directories.
<P><DT><B><B>Distributed File System</B>
</B><DD>A file system that joins the file systems of individual machines.
Files are stored on different machines in the network but are accessible from
all machines.
<P><DT><B><B>File</B>
</B><DD>A collection of information stored and retrieved as a unit.
<P><DT><B><B>File Server Machine</B>
</B><DD>A type of machine that stores files and transfers them to client machines
on request.
<P><DT><B><B>Flag</B>
</B><DD>Part of a command that determines how the command executes, or the type of
output it produces.
<P><DT><B><B>Foreign Cell</B>
</B><DD>A cell other than the cell to which the client machine belongs. If
the client machine is appropriately configured, users can access the AFS
filespace in foreign cells as well as the local cell, and can authenticate in
foreign cells in which they have AFS accounts.
<P><DT><B><B>Group</B>
</B><DD>A defined list of users, which can be placed on a directory's ACL to
extend a set of permissions to all of its members at once.
<P><DT><B><B>Group-owned Group</B>
</B><DD>A group owned by another group. All members of the owning group can
administer the owned group; the members of the owned group do not have
administer permissions themselves.
<P><DT><B><B>Hierarchical File Structure</B>
</B><DD>A method of storing data in directories that are organized in a tree
structure.
<P><DT><B><B>Home Directory</B>
</B><DD>A directory owned by a user and dedicated to storage of the user's
personal files.
<P><DT><B><B>i (insert) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that enables the possessor to add files or
subdirectories to a directory.
<P><DT><B><B>Instance</B>
</B><DD>The part of a command string that defines the entity to affect.
<P><DT><B><B>k (lock) Permission</B>
</B><DD>See the k (lock) Permission entry. The ACL permission that enables
programs to place advisory locks on a file.
<P><DT><B>Kilobyte
</B><DD>A unit of measure used to measure usage of space in a volume or on a
partition. A kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes. The term
<I>kilobyte block</I> is sometimes used when referring to disk
space.
<P><DT><B><B>l (lookup) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that enables the possessor to list the contents of a
directory and display its ACL.
<P><DT><B><B>Local Cell</B>
</B><DD>The cell to which the user's account and client machine
belong.
<P><DT><B><B>lock Permission</B>
</B><DD>See the <B>k (lock) Permission</B> entry.
<P><DT><B><B>Login</B>
</B><DD>The process of establishing a connection to a client machine's local
file system as a specific user.
<P><DT><B><B>Logout</B>
</B><DD>The process of ending a connection to the local file system.
<P><DT><B><B>m Privacy Flag</B>
</B><DD>The third privacy flag on a group, which enables the possessor to list the
members of a group or the groups to which a user belongs.
<P><DT><B><B>Mode Bits</B>
</B><DD>A set of permissions that the UNIX file system associates with a file or
directory to control access to it. They appear in the first field of
the output from the <B>ls -l</B> command.
<P><DT><B><B>Mount Point</B>
</B><DD>A special type of directory that associates a location in the AFS file
space with a volume. It acts like a standard UNIX directory in that
users can change directory to it and list its contents with the UNIX
<B>cd</B> and <B>ls</B> commands.
<P><DT><B><B>Mutual Authentication</B>
</B><DD>A procedure through which two parties prove their identities to one
another. AFS server and client processes normally mutually authenticate
as they establish a connection.
<P><DT><B><B>NFS/AFS Translator</B>
</B><DD>A program that enables users on NFS client machines to access files in the
AFS filespace.
<P><DT><B><B>none ACL Shorthand</B>
</B><DD>A shorthand notation used with the <B>fs setacl</B> command to delete
an entry from an ACL.
<P><DT><B><B>o Privacy Flag</B>
</B><DD>The second privacy flag on a group, which enables the possessor to list
groups owned by the user or group.
<P><DT><B><B>Operation Code</B>
</B><DD>The second word in an AFS command that belongs to a suite. It
indicates the command's function.
<P><DT><B><B>Owner of a Group</B>
</B><DD>The person or group who can administer a group.
<P><DT><B><B>Parent Directory</B>
</B><DD>The directory in which a directory or file resides.
<P><DT><B><B>Partition</B>
</B><DD>A logical section of a disk in a computer.
<P><DT><B><B>Password</B>
</B><DD>A unique, user-defined string of characters validating the user's
system identity. The user must correctly enter the password in order to
be authenticated.
<P><DT><B><B>Permission</B>
</B><DD>A certain type of access granted on an ACL. Anyone who possesses
the permission can perform the action.
<P><DT><B><B>Quota</B>
</B><DD>The size limit of a volume, assigned by the system administrator and
measured in kilobyte blocks.
<P><DT><B><B>r (read) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that enables the possessor to examine the contents of a
file.
<P><DT><B><B>r Privacy Flag</B>
</B><DD>The fifth privacy flag on a group, which enables the possessor to remove
members from it.
<P><DT><B><B>read ACL Shorthand</B>
</B><DD>A shorthand notation used with the <B>fs setacl</B> command to
represent the <B>r</B> and <B>l</B> permissions.
<P><DT><B><B>Relative Pathname</B>
</B><DD>A pathname that does not begin at the root of the AFS or local filespace
and so represents a file or directory's location with respect to the
current working directory.
<P><DT><B><B>Remote Commands</B>
</B><DD>Commands used to run programs on a remote machine without establishing a
persistent connection to it.
<P><DT><B><B>s Privacy Flag</B>
</B><DD>The first privacy flag on a group, which enables the possessor to list
general information about it.
<P><DT><B><B>Self-owned Group</B>
</B><DD>A group that owns itself, enabling all of its members to administer
it.
<P><DT><B><B>Server</B>
</B><DD>A program or machine that provides a specialized service to its clients,
such as storing and transferring files or performing authentication.
<P><DT><B><B>Subdirectory</B>
</B><DD>A directory that resides in another directory in the file system
hierarchy.
<P><DT><B><B>Switch</B>
</B><DD>The part of a command string defining the type of an argument. It
is preceded by a hyphen.
<P><DT><B><B>Syntax Statement</B>
</B><DD>A specification of the options available on a command and their
ordering.
<P><DT><B><B>System Administrator</B>
</B><DD>A user who is authorized to administer an AFS cell.
<P><DT><B><B>System Groups</B>
</B><DD>Groups that AFS defines automatically to represent users who share certain
characteristics. See the following three entries.
<P><DT><B><B>System:administrators group</B>
</B><DD>A system group that includes users authorized to administer AFS.
<P><DT><B><B>System:anyuser</B> group
</B><DD>A system group that includes everyone who can gain access the cell's
AFS filespace. It includes unauthenticated users, who are assigned the
identity <B>anonymous</B>.
<P><DT><B><B>System:authuser</B> group
</B><DD>A system group that includes all users who currently have valid AFS tokens
for the local cell.
<P><DT><B><B>Token</B>
</B><DD>A collection of data that the AFS server processes accept as evidence that
the possessor has successfully proved his or her identity to the cell's
AFS authentication service. AFS assigns the identity
<B>anonymous</B> to users who do not have a token.
<P><DT><B><B>UNIX Mode Bits</B>
</B><DD>See the <B>Mode Bits</B> entry.
<P><DT><B><B>Username</B>
</B><DD>A character string entered at login that uniquely identifies a person in
the local cell.
<P><DT><B><B>Volume</B>
</B><DD>A structure that AFS uses to group a set of files and directories into a
single unit for administrative purposes. The contents of a volume
reside on a single disk partition and must be mounted in the AFS filespace to
be accessible.
<P><DT><B><B>w (write) Permission</B>
</B><DD>The ACL permission that enables the possessor to modify the contents of a
file.
<P><DT><B><B>write ACL Shorthand</B>
</B><DD>A shorthand notation used with the <B>fs setacl</B> command to
represent all permissions except the <B>a</B> permission.
</DL>
<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="auusg002.htm#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auusg011.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Top_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../top.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Top of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg013.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg013.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
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