zig/lib/std/heap/general_purpose_allocator.zig
Andrew Kelley 766b315b38 std.GeneralPurposeAllocator: logging improvements
It now uses the log scope "gpa" instead of "std".

Additionally, there is a new config option `verbose_log` which enables
info log messages for every allocation. Can be useful when debugging.
This option is off by default.
2021-01-30 20:15:26 -07:00

1013 lines
38 KiB
Zig

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 Zig Contributors
// This file is part of [zig](https://ziglang.org/), which is MIT licensed.
// The MIT license requires this copyright notice to be included in all copies
// and substantial portions of the software.
//! # General Purpose Allocator
//!
//! ## Design Priorities
//!
//! ### `OptimizationMode.debug` and `OptimizationMode.release_safe`:
//!
//! * Detect double free, and emit stack trace of:
//! - Where it was first allocated
//! - Where it was freed the first time
//! - Where it was freed the second time
//!
//! * Detect leaks and emit stack trace of:
//! - Where it was allocated
//!
//! * When a page of memory is no longer needed, give it back to resident memory
//! as soon as possible, so that it causes page faults when used.
//!
//! * Do not re-use memory slots, so that memory safety is upheld. For small
//! allocations, this is handled here; for larger ones it is handled in the
//! backing allocator (by default `std.heap.page_allocator`).
//!
//! * Make pointer math errors unlikely to harm memory from
//! unrelated allocations.
//!
//! * It's OK for these mechanisms to cost some extra overhead bytes.
//!
//! * It's OK for performance cost for these mechanisms.
//!
//! * Rogue memory writes should not harm the allocator's state.
//!
//! * Cross platform. Operates based on a backing allocator which makes it work
//! everywhere, even freestanding.
//!
//! * Compile-time configuration.
//!
//! ### `OptimizationMode.release_fast` (note: not much work has gone into this use case yet):
//!
//! * Low fragmentation is primary concern
//! * Performance of worst-case latency is secondary concern
//! * Performance of average-case latency is next
//! * Finally, having freed memory unmapped, and pointer math errors unlikely to
//! harm memory from unrelated allocations are nice-to-haves.
//!
//! ### `OptimizationMode.release_small` (note: not much work has gone into this use case yet):
//!
//! * Small binary code size of the executable is the primary concern.
//! * Next, defer to the `.release_fast` priority list.
//!
//! ## Basic Design:
//!
//! Small allocations are divided into buckets:
//!
//! ```
//! index obj_size
//! 0 1
//! 1 2
//! 2 4
//! 3 8
//! 4 16
//! 5 32
//! 6 64
//! 7 128
//! 8 256
//! 9 512
//! 10 1024
//! 11 2048
//! ```
//!
//! The main allocator state has an array of all the "current" buckets for each
//! size class. Each slot in the array can be null, meaning the bucket for that
//! size class is not allocated. When the first object is allocated for a given
//! size class, it allocates 1 page of memory from the OS. This page is
//! divided into "slots" - one per allocated object. Along with the page of memory
//! for object slots, as many pages as necessary are allocated to store the
//! BucketHeader, followed by "used bits", and two stack traces for each slot
//! (allocation trace and free trace).
//!
//! The "used bits" are 1 bit per slot representing whether the slot is used.
//! Allocations use the data to iterate to find a free slot. Frees assert that the
//! corresponding bit is 1 and set it to 0.
//!
//! Buckets have prev and next pointers. When there is only one bucket for a given
//! size class, both prev and next point to itself. When all slots of a bucket are
//! used, a new bucket is allocated, and enters the doubly linked list. The main
//! allocator state tracks the "current" bucket for each size class. Leak detection
//! currently only checks the current bucket.
//!
//! Resizing detects if the size class is unchanged or smaller, in which case the same
//! pointer is returned unmodified. If a larger size class is required,
//! `error.OutOfMemory` is returned.
//!
//! Large objects are allocated directly using the backing allocator and their metadata is stored
//! in a `std.HashMap` using the backing allocator.
const std = @import("std");
const log = std.log.scoped(.gpa);
const math = std.math;
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const mem = std.mem;
const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
const page_size = std.mem.page_size;
const StackTrace = std.builtin.StackTrace;
/// Integer type for pointing to slots in a small allocation
const SlotIndex = std.meta.Int(.unsigned, math.log2(page_size) + 1);
const sys_can_stack_trace = switch (std.Target.current.cpu.arch) {
// Observed to go into an infinite loop.
// TODO: Make this work.
.mips,
.mipsel,
=> false,
// `@returnAddress()` in LLVM 10 gives
// "Non-Emscripten WebAssembly hasn't implemented __builtin_return_address".
.wasm32,
.wasm64,
=> std.Target.current.os.tag == .emscripten,
else => true,
};
const default_test_stack_trace_frames: usize = if (std.builtin.is_test) 8 else 4;
const default_sys_stack_trace_frames: usize = if (sys_can_stack_trace) default_test_stack_trace_frames else 0;
const default_stack_trace_frames: usize = switch (std.builtin.mode) {
.Debug => default_sys_stack_trace_frames,
else => 0,
};
pub const Config = struct {
/// Number of stack frames to capture.
stack_trace_frames: usize = default_stack_trace_frames,
/// If true, the allocator will have two fields:
/// * `total_requested_bytes` which tracks the total allocated bytes of memory requested.
/// * `requested_memory_limit` which causes allocations to return `error.OutOfMemory`
/// when the `total_requested_bytes` exceeds this limit.
/// If false, these fields will be `void`.
enable_memory_limit: bool = false,
/// Whether to enable safety checks.
safety: bool = std.debug.runtime_safety,
/// Whether the allocator may be used simultaneously from multiple threads.
thread_safe: bool = !std.builtin.single_threaded,
/// What type of mutex you'd like to use, for thread safety.
/// when specfied, the mutex type must have the same shape as `std.Thread.Mutex` and
/// `std.Thread.Mutex.Dummy`, and have no required fields. Specifying this field causes
/// the `thread_safe` field to be ignored.
///
/// when null (default):
/// * the mutex type defaults to `std.Thread.Mutex` when thread_safe is enabled.
/// * the mutex type defaults to `std.Thread.Mutex.Dummy` otherwise.
MutexType: ?type = null,
/// This is a temporary debugging trick you can use to turn segfaults into more helpful
/// logged error messages with stack trace details. The downside is that every allocation
/// will be leaked!
never_unmap: bool = false,
/// Enables emitting info messages with the size and address of every allocation.
verbose_log: bool = false,
};
pub fn GeneralPurposeAllocator(comptime config: Config) type {
return struct {
allocator: Allocator = Allocator{
.allocFn = alloc,
.resizeFn = resize,
},
backing_allocator: *Allocator = std.heap.page_allocator,
buckets: [small_bucket_count]?*BucketHeader = [1]?*BucketHeader{null} ** small_bucket_count,
large_allocations: LargeAllocTable = .{},
total_requested_bytes: @TypeOf(total_requested_bytes_init) = total_requested_bytes_init,
requested_memory_limit: @TypeOf(requested_memory_limit_init) = requested_memory_limit_init,
mutex: @TypeOf(mutex_init) = mutex_init,
const Self = @This();
const total_requested_bytes_init = if (config.enable_memory_limit) @as(usize, 0) else {};
const requested_memory_limit_init = if (config.enable_memory_limit) @as(usize, math.maxInt(usize)) else {};
const mutex_init = if (config.MutexType) |T|
T{}
else if (config.thread_safe)
std.Thread.Mutex{}
else
std.Thread.Mutex.Dummy{};
const stack_n = config.stack_trace_frames;
const one_trace_size = @sizeOf(usize) * stack_n;
const traces_per_slot = 2;
pub const Error = mem.Allocator.Error;
const small_bucket_count = math.log2(page_size);
const largest_bucket_object_size = 1 << (small_bucket_count - 1);
const LargeAlloc = struct {
bytes: []u8,
stack_addresses: [stack_n]usize,
fn dumpStackTrace(self: *LargeAlloc) void {
std.debug.dumpStackTrace(self.getStackTrace());
}
fn getStackTrace(self: *LargeAlloc) std.builtin.StackTrace {
var len: usize = 0;
while (len < stack_n and self.stack_addresses[len] != 0) {
len += 1;
}
return .{
.instruction_addresses = &self.stack_addresses,
.index = len,
};
}
};
const LargeAllocTable = std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged(usize, LargeAlloc);
// Bucket: In memory, in order:
// * BucketHeader
// * bucket_used_bits: [N]u8, // 1 bit for every slot; 1 byte for every 8 slots
// * stack_trace_addresses: [N]usize, // traces_per_slot for every allocation
const BucketHeader = struct {
prev: *BucketHeader,
next: *BucketHeader,
page: [*]align(page_size) u8,
alloc_cursor: SlotIndex,
used_count: SlotIndex,
fn usedBits(bucket: *BucketHeader, index: usize) *u8 {
return @intToPtr(*u8, @ptrToInt(bucket) + @sizeOf(BucketHeader) + index);
}
fn stackTracePtr(
bucket: *BucketHeader,
size_class: usize,
slot_index: SlotIndex,
trace_kind: TraceKind,
) *[stack_n]usize {
const start_ptr = @ptrCast([*]u8, bucket) + bucketStackFramesStart(size_class);
const addr = start_ptr + one_trace_size * traces_per_slot * slot_index +
@enumToInt(trace_kind) * @as(usize, one_trace_size);
return @ptrCast(*[stack_n]usize, @alignCast(@alignOf(usize), addr));
}
fn captureStackTrace(
bucket: *BucketHeader,
ret_addr: usize,
size_class: usize,
slot_index: SlotIndex,
trace_kind: TraceKind,
) void {
// Initialize them to 0. When determining the count we must look
// for non zero addresses.
const stack_addresses = bucket.stackTracePtr(size_class, slot_index, trace_kind);
collectStackTrace(ret_addr, stack_addresses);
}
};
fn bucketStackTrace(
bucket: *BucketHeader,
size_class: usize,
slot_index: SlotIndex,
trace_kind: TraceKind,
) StackTrace {
const stack_addresses = bucket.stackTracePtr(size_class, slot_index, trace_kind);
var len: usize = 0;
while (len < stack_n and stack_addresses[len] != 0) {
len += 1;
}
return StackTrace{
.instruction_addresses = stack_addresses,
.index = len,
};
}
fn bucketStackFramesStart(size_class: usize) usize {
return mem.alignForward(
@sizeOf(BucketHeader) + usedBitsCount(size_class),
@alignOf(usize),
);
}
fn bucketSize(size_class: usize) usize {
const slot_count = @divExact(page_size, size_class);
return bucketStackFramesStart(size_class) + one_trace_size * traces_per_slot * slot_count;
}
fn usedBitsCount(size_class: usize) usize {
const slot_count = @divExact(page_size, size_class);
if (slot_count < 8) return 1;
return @divExact(slot_count, 8);
}
fn detectLeaksInBucket(
bucket: *BucketHeader,
size_class: usize,
used_bits_count: usize,
) bool {
var leaks = false;
var used_bits_byte: usize = 0;
while (used_bits_byte < used_bits_count) : (used_bits_byte += 1) {
const used_byte = bucket.usedBits(used_bits_byte).*;
if (used_byte != 0) {
var bit_index: u3 = 0;
while (true) : (bit_index += 1) {
const is_used = @truncate(u1, used_byte >> bit_index) != 0;
if (is_used) {
const slot_index = @intCast(SlotIndex, used_bits_byte * 8 + bit_index);
const stack_trace = bucketStackTrace(bucket, size_class, slot_index, .alloc);
log.err("Memory leak detected: {s}", .{stack_trace});
leaks = true;
}
if (bit_index == math.maxInt(u3))
break;
}
}
}
return leaks;
}
/// Emits log messages for leaks and then returns whether there were any leaks.
pub fn detectLeaks(self: *Self) bool {
var leaks = false;
for (self.buckets) |optional_bucket, bucket_i| {
const first_bucket = optional_bucket orelse continue;
const size_class = @as(usize, 1) << @intCast(math.Log2Int(usize), bucket_i);
const used_bits_count = usedBitsCount(size_class);
var bucket = first_bucket;
while (true) {
leaks = detectLeaksInBucket(bucket, size_class, used_bits_count) or leaks;
bucket = bucket.next;
if (bucket == first_bucket)
break;
}
}
var it = self.large_allocations.iterator();
while (it.next()) |large_alloc| {
log.err("Memory leak detected: {s}", .{large_alloc.value.getStackTrace()});
leaks = true;
}
return leaks;
}
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) bool {
const leaks = if (config.safety) self.detectLeaks() else false;
self.large_allocations.deinit(self.backing_allocator);
self.* = undefined;
return leaks;
}
fn collectStackTrace(first_trace_addr: usize, addresses: *[stack_n]usize) void {
if (stack_n == 0) return;
mem.set(usize, addresses, 0);
var stack_trace = StackTrace{
.instruction_addresses = addresses,
.index = 0,
};
std.debug.captureStackTrace(first_trace_addr, &stack_trace);
}
fn allocSlot(self: *Self, size_class: usize, trace_addr: usize) Error![*]u8 {
const bucket_index = math.log2(size_class);
const first_bucket = self.buckets[bucket_index] orelse try self.createBucket(
size_class,
bucket_index,
);
var bucket = first_bucket;
const slot_count = @divExact(page_size, size_class);
while (bucket.alloc_cursor == slot_count) {
const prev_bucket = bucket;
bucket = prev_bucket.next;
if (bucket == first_bucket) {
// make a new one
bucket = try self.createBucket(size_class, bucket_index);
bucket.prev = prev_bucket;
bucket.next = prev_bucket.next;
prev_bucket.next = bucket;
bucket.next.prev = bucket;
}
}
// change the allocator's current bucket to be this one
self.buckets[bucket_index] = bucket;
const slot_index = bucket.alloc_cursor;
bucket.alloc_cursor += 1;
var used_bits_byte = bucket.usedBits(slot_index / 8);
const used_bit_index: u3 = @intCast(u3, slot_index % 8); // TODO cast should be unnecessary
used_bits_byte.* |= (@as(u8, 1) << used_bit_index);
bucket.used_count += 1;
bucket.captureStackTrace(trace_addr, size_class, slot_index, .alloc);
return bucket.page + slot_index * size_class;
}
fn searchBucket(
self: *Self,
bucket_index: usize,
addr: usize,
) ?*BucketHeader {
const first_bucket = self.buckets[bucket_index] orelse return null;
var bucket = first_bucket;
while (true) {
const in_bucket_range = (addr >= @ptrToInt(bucket.page) and
addr < @ptrToInt(bucket.page) + page_size);
if (in_bucket_range) return bucket;
bucket = bucket.prev;
if (bucket == first_bucket) {
return null;
}
self.buckets[bucket_index] = bucket;
}
}
/// This function assumes the object is in the large object storage regardless
/// of the parameters.
fn resizeLarge(
self: *Self,
old_mem: []u8,
old_align: u29,
new_size: usize,
len_align: u29,
ret_addr: usize,
) Error!usize {
const entry = self.large_allocations.getEntry(@ptrToInt(old_mem.ptr)) orelse {
if (config.safety) {
@panic("Invalid free");
} else {
unreachable;
}
};
if (config.safety and old_mem.len != entry.value.bytes.len) {
var addresses: [stack_n]usize = [1]usize{0} ** stack_n;
var free_stack_trace = StackTrace{
.instruction_addresses = &addresses,
.index = 0,
};
std.debug.captureStackTrace(ret_addr, &free_stack_trace);
log.err("Allocation size {d} bytes does not match free size {d}. Allocation: {s} Free: {s}", .{
entry.value.bytes.len,
old_mem.len,
entry.value.getStackTrace(),
free_stack_trace,
});
}
const result_len = try self.backing_allocator.resizeFn(self.backing_allocator, old_mem, old_align, new_size, len_align, ret_addr);
if (result_len == 0) {
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("large free {d} bytes at {*}", .{ old_mem.len, old_mem.ptr });
}
self.large_allocations.removeAssertDiscard(@ptrToInt(old_mem.ptr));
return 0;
}
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("large resize {d} bytes at {*} to {d}", .{
old_mem.len, old_mem.ptr, new_size,
});
}
entry.value.bytes = old_mem.ptr[0..result_len];
collectStackTrace(ret_addr, &entry.value.stack_addresses);
return result_len;
}
pub fn setRequestedMemoryLimit(self: *Self, limit: usize) void {
self.requested_memory_limit = limit;
}
fn resize(
allocator: *Allocator,
old_mem: []u8,
old_align: u29,
new_size: usize,
len_align: u29,
ret_addr: usize,
) Error!usize {
const self = @fieldParentPtr(Self, "allocator", allocator);
const held = self.mutex.acquire();
defer held.release();
const prev_req_bytes = self.total_requested_bytes;
if (config.enable_memory_limit) {
const new_req_bytes = prev_req_bytes + new_size - old_mem.len;
if (new_req_bytes > prev_req_bytes and new_req_bytes > self.requested_memory_limit) {
return error.OutOfMemory;
}
self.total_requested_bytes = new_req_bytes;
}
errdefer if (config.enable_memory_limit) {
self.total_requested_bytes = prev_req_bytes;
};
assert(old_mem.len != 0);
const aligned_size = math.max(old_mem.len, old_align);
if (aligned_size > largest_bucket_object_size) {
return self.resizeLarge(old_mem, old_align, new_size, len_align, ret_addr);
}
const size_class_hint = math.ceilPowerOfTwoAssert(usize, aligned_size);
var bucket_index = math.log2(size_class_hint);
var size_class: usize = size_class_hint;
const bucket = while (bucket_index < small_bucket_count) : (bucket_index += 1) {
if (self.searchBucket(bucket_index, @ptrToInt(old_mem.ptr))) |bucket| {
break bucket;
}
size_class *= 2;
} else {
return self.resizeLarge(old_mem, old_align, new_size, len_align, ret_addr);
};
const byte_offset = @ptrToInt(old_mem.ptr) - @ptrToInt(bucket.page);
const slot_index = @intCast(SlotIndex, byte_offset / size_class);
const used_byte_index = slot_index / 8;
const used_bit_index = @intCast(u3, slot_index % 8);
const used_byte = bucket.usedBits(used_byte_index);
const is_used = @truncate(u1, used_byte.* >> used_bit_index) != 0;
if (!is_used) {
if (config.safety) {
const alloc_stack_trace = bucketStackTrace(bucket, size_class, slot_index, .alloc);
const free_stack_trace = bucketStackTrace(bucket, size_class, slot_index, .free);
var addresses: [stack_n]usize = [1]usize{0} ** stack_n;
var second_free_stack_trace = StackTrace{
.instruction_addresses = &addresses,
.index = 0,
};
std.debug.captureStackTrace(ret_addr, &second_free_stack_trace);
log.err("Double free detected. Allocation: {s} First free: {s} Second free: {s}", .{
alloc_stack_trace,
free_stack_trace,
second_free_stack_trace,
});
if (new_size == 0) {
// Recoverable. Restore self.total_requested_bytes if needed, as we
// don't return an error value so the errdefer above does not run.
if (config.enable_memory_limit) {
self.total_requested_bytes = prev_req_bytes;
}
return @as(usize, 0);
}
@panic("Unrecoverable double free");
} else {
unreachable;
}
}
if (new_size == 0) {
// Capture stack trace to be the "first free", in case a double free happens.
bucket.captureStackTrace(ret_addr, size_class, slot_index, .free);
used_byte.* &= ~(@as(u8, 1) << used_bit_index);
bucket.used_count -= 1;
if (bucket.used_count == 0) {
if (bucket.next == bucket) {
// it's the only bucket and therefore the current one
self.buckets[bucket_index] = null;
} else {
bucket.next.prev = bucket.prev;
bucket.prev.next = bucket.next;
self.buckets[bucket_index] = bucket.prev;
}
if (!config.never_unmap) {
self.backing_allocator.free(bucket.page[0..page_size]);
}
const bucket_size = bucketSize(size_class);
const bucket_slice = @ptrCast([*]align(@alignOf(BucketHeader)) u8, bucket)[0..bucket_size];
self.backing_allocator.free(bucket_slice);
} else {
@memset(old_mem.ptr, undefined, old_mem.len);
}
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("small free {d} bytes at {*}", .{ old_mem.len, old_mem.ptr });
}
return @as(usize, 0);
}
const new_aligned_size = math.max(new_size, old_align);
const new_size_class = math.ceilPowerOfTwoAssert(usize, new_aligned_size);
if (new_size_class <= size_class) {
if (old_mem.len > new_size) {
@memset(old_mem.ptr + new_size, undefined, old_mem.len - new_size);
}
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("small resize {d} bytes at {*} to {d}", .{
old_mem.len, old_mem.ptr, new_size,
});
}
return new_size;
}
return error.OutOfMemory;
}
// Returns true if an allocation of `size` bytes is within the specified
// limits if enable_memory_limit is true
fn isAllocationAllowed(self: *Self, size: usize) bool {
if (config.enable_memory_limit) {
const new_req_bytes = self.total_requested_bytes + size;
if (new_req_bytes > self.requested_memory_limit)
return false;
self.total_requested_bytes = new_req_bytes;
}
return true;
}
fn alloc(allocator: *Allocator, len: usize, ptr_align: u29, len_align: u29, ret_addr: usize) Error![]u8 {
const self = @fieldParentPtr(Self, "allocator", allocator);
const held = self.mutex.acquire();
defer held.release();
const new_aligned_size = math.max(len, ptr_align);
if (new_aligned_size > largest_bucket_object_size) {
try self.large_allocations.ensureCapacity(
self.backing_allocator,
self.large_allocations.count() + 1,
);
const slice = try self.backing_allocator.allocFn(self.backing_allocator, len, ptr_align, len_align, ret_addr);
// The backing allocator may return a memory block bigger than
// `len`, use the effective size for bookkeeping purposes
if (!self.isAllocationAllowed(slice.len)) {
// Free the block so no memory is leaked
const new_len = try self.backing_allocator.resizeFn(self.backing_allocator, slice, ptr_align, 0, 0, ret_addr);
assert(new_len == 0);
return error.OutOfMemory;
}
const gop = self.large_allocations.getOrPutAssumeCapacity(@ptrToInt(slice.ptr));
assert(!gop.found_existing); // This would mean the kernel double-mapped pages.
gop.entry.value.bytes = slice;
collectStackTrace(ret_addr, &gop.entry.value.stack_addresses);
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("large alloc {d} bytes at {*}", .{ slice.len, slice.ptr });
}
return slice;
}
if (!self.isAllocationAllowed(len)) {
return error.OutOfMemory;
}
const new_size_class = math.ceilPowerOfTwoAssert(usize, new_aligned_size);
const ptr = try self.allocSlot(new_size_class, ret_addr);
if (config.verbose_log) {
log.info("small alloc {d} bytes at {*}", .{ len, ptr });
}
return ptr[0..len];
}
fn createBucket(self: *Self, size_class: usize, bucket_index: usize) Error!*BucketHeader {
const page = try self.backing_allocator.allocAdvanced(u8, page_size, page_size, .exact);
errdefer self.backing_allocator.free(page);
const bucket_size = bucketSize(size_class);
const bucket_bytes = try self.backing_allocator.allocAdvanced(u8, @alignOf(BucketHeader), bucket_size, .exact);
const ptr = @ptrCast(*BucketHeader, bucket_bytes.ptr);
ptr.* = BucketHeader{
.prev = ptr,
.next = ptr,
.page = page.ptr,
.alloc_cursor = 0,
.used_count = 0,
};
self.buckets[bucket_index] = ptr;
// Set the used bits to all zeroes
@memset(@as(*[1]u8, ptr.usedBits(0)), 0, usedBitsCount(size_class));
return ptr;
}
};
}
const TraceKind = enum {
alloc,
free,
};
const test_config = Config{};
test "small allocations - free in same order" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var list = std.ArrayList(*u64).init(std.testing.allocator);
defer list.deinit();
var i: usize = 0;
while (i < 513) : (i += 1) {
const ptr = try allocator.create(u64);
try list.append(ptr);
}
for (list.items) |ptr| {
allocator.destroy(ptr);
}
}
test "small allocations - free in reverse order" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var list = std.ArrayList(*u64).init(std.testing.allocator);
defer list.deinit();
var i: usize = 0;
while (i < 513) : (i += 1) {
const ptr = try allocator.create(u64);
try list.append(ptr);
}
while (list.popOrNull()) |ptr| {
allocator.destroy(ptr);
}
}
test "large allocations" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
const ptr1 = try allocator.alloc(u64, 42768);
const ptr2 = try allocator.alloc(u64, 52768);
allocator.free(ptr1);
const ptr3 = try allocator.alloc(u64, 62768);
allocator.free(ptr3);
allocator.free(ptr2);
}
test "realloc" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, @alignOf(u32), 1);
defer allocator.free(slice);
slice[0] = 0x12;
// This reallocation should keep its pointer address.
const old_slice = slice;
slice = try allocator.realloc(slice, 2);
std.testing.expect(old_slice.ptr == slice.ptr);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
slice[1] = 0x34;
// This requires upgrading to a larger size class
slice = try allocator.realloc(slice, 17);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[1] == 0x34);
}
test "shrink" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, 20);
defer allocator.free(slice);
mem.set(u8, slice, 0x11);
slice = allocator.shrink(slice, 17);
for (slice) |b| {
std.testing.expect(b == 0x11);
}
slice = allocator.shrink(slice, 16);
for (slice) |b| {
std.testing.expect(b == 0x11);
}
}
test "large object - grow" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice1 = try allocator.alloc(u8, page_size * 2 - 20);
defer allocator.free(slice1);
const old = slice1;
slice1 = try allocator.realloc(slice1, page_size * 2 - 10);
std.testing.expect(slice1.ptr == old.ptr);
slice1 = try allocator.realloc(slice1, page_size * 2);
std.testing.expect(slice1.ptr == old.ptr);
slice1 = try allocator.realloc(slice1, page_size * 2 + 1);
}
test "realloc small object to large object" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, 70);
defer allocator.free(slice);
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[60] = 0x34;
// This requires upgrading to a large object
const large_object_size = page_size * 2 + 50;
slice = try allocator.realloc(slice, large_object_size);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[60] == 0x34);
}
test "shrink large object to large object" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, page_size * 2 + 50);
defer allocator.free(slice);
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[60] = 0x34;
slice = try allocator.resize(slice, page_size * 2 + 1);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[60] == 0x34);
slice = allocator.shrink(slice, page_size * 2 + 1);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[60] == 0x34);
slice = try allocator.realloc(slice, page_size * 2);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[60] == 0x34);
}
test "shrink large object to large object with larger alignment" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var debug_buffer: [1000]u8 = undefined;
const debug_allocator = &std.heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(&debug_buffer).allocator;
const alloc_size = page_size * 2 + 50;
var slice = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, 16, alloc_size);
defer allocator.free(slice);
const big_alignment: usize = switch (std.Target.current.os.tag) {
.windows => page_size * 32, // Windows aligns to 64K.
else => page_size * 2,
};
// This loop allocates until we find a page that is not aligned to the big
// alignment. Then we shrink the allocation after the loop, but increase the
// alignment to the higher one, that we know will force it to realloc.
var stuff_to_free = std.ArrayList([]align(16) u8).init(debug_allocator);
while (mem.isAligned(@ptrToInt(slice.ptr), big_alignment)) {
try stuff_to_free.append(slice);
slice = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, 16, alloc_size);
}
while (stuff_to_free.popOrNull()) |item| {
allocator.free(item);
}
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[60] = 0x34;
slice = try allocator.reallocAdvanced(slice, big_alignment, alloc_size / 2, .exact);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[60] == 0x34);
}
test "realloc large object to small object" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, page_size * 2 + 50);
defer allocator.free(slice);
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[16] = 0x34;
slice = try allocator.realloc(slice, 19);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[16] == 0x34);
}
test "overrideable mutexes" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{ .MutexType = std.Thread.Mutex }){
.backing_allocator = std.testing.allocator,
.mutex = std.Thread.Mutex{},
};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
const ptr = try allocator.create(i32);
defer allocator.destroy(ptr);
}
test "non-page-allocator backing allocator" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){ .backing_allocator = std.testing.allocator };
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
const ptr = try allocator.create(i32);
defer allocator.destroy(ptr);
}
test "realloc large object to larger alignment" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var debug_buffer: [1000]u8 = undefined;
const debug_allocator = &std.heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(&debug_buffer).allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, 16, page_size * 2 + 50);
defer allocator.free(slice);
const big_alignment: usize = switch (std.Target.current.os.tag) {
.windows => page_size * 32, // Windows aligns to 64K.
else => page_size * 2,
};
// This loop allocates until we find a page that is not aligned to the big alignment.
var stuff_to_free = std.ArrayList([]align(16) u8).init(debug_allocator);
while (mem.isAligned(@ptrToInt(slice.ptr), big_alignment)) {
try stuff_to_free.append(slice);
slice = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, 16, page_size * 2 + 50);
}
while (stuff_to_free.popOrNull()) |item| {
allocator.free(item);
}
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[16] = 0x34;
slice = try allocator.reallocAdvanced(slice, 32, page_size * 2 + 100, .exact);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[16] == 0x34);
slice = try allocator.reallocAdvanced(slice, 32, page_size * 2 + 25, .exact);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[16] == 0x34);
slice = try allocator.reallocAdvanced(slice, big_alignment, page_size * 2 + 100, .exact);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[16] == 0x34);
}
test "large object shrinks to small but allocation fails during shrink" {
var failing_allocator = std.testing.FailingAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator, 3);
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){ .backing_allocator = &failing_allocator.allocator };
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
var slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, page_size * 2 + 50);
defer allocator.free(slice);
slice[0] = 0x12;
slice[3] = 0x34;
// Next allocation will fail in the backing allocator of the GeneralPurposeAllocator
slice = allocator.shrink(slice, 4);
std.testing.expect(slice[0] == 0x12);
std.testing.expect(slice[3] == 0x34);
}
test "objects of size 1024 and 2048" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(test_config){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
const slice = try allocator.alloc(u8, 1025);
const slice2 = try allocator.alloc(u8, 3000);
allocator.free(slice);
allocator.free(slice2);
}
test "setting a memory cap" {
var gpa = GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{ .enable_memory_limit = true }){};
defer std.testing.expect(!gpa.deinit());
const allocator = &gpa.allocator;
gpa.setRequestedMemoryLimit(1010);
const small = try allocator.create(i32);
std.testing.expect(gpa.total_requested_bytes == 4);
const big = try allocator.alloc(u8, 1000);
std.testing.expect(gpa.total_requested_bytes == 1004);
std.testing.expectError(error.OutOfMemory, allocator.create(u64));
allocator.destroy(small);
std.testing.expect(gpa.total_requested_bytes == 1000);
allocator.free(big);
std.testing.expect(gpa.total_requested_bytes == 0);
const exact = try allocator.alloc(u8, 1010);
std.testing.expect(gpa.total_requested_bytes == 1010);
allocator.free(exact);
}