zig/src-self-hosted/codegen.zig
2020-06-28 19:45:10 -04:00

769 lines
38 KiB
Zig

const std = @import("std");
const mem = std.mem;
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const ir = @import("ir.zig");
const Type = @import("type.zig").Type;
const Value = @import("value.zig").Value;
const TypedValue = @import("TypedValue.zig");
const link = @import("link.zig");
const Module = @import("Module.zig");
const ErrorMsg = Module.ErrorMsg;
const Target = std.Target;
const Allocator = mem.Allocator;
const trace = @import("tracy.zig").trace;
pub const Result = union(enum) {
/// The `code` parameter passed to `generateSymbol` has the value appended.
appended: void,
/// The value is available externally, `code` is unused.
externally_managed: []const u8,
fail: *Module.ErrorMsg,
};
pub fn generateSymbol(
bin_file: *link.ElfFile,
src: usize,
typed_value: TypedValue,
code: *std.ArrayList(u8),
) error{
OutOfMemory,
/// A Decl that this symbol depends on had a semantic analysis failure.
AnalysisFail,
}!Result {
const tracy = trace(@src());
defer tracy.end();
switch (typed_value.ty.zigTypeTag()) {
.Fn => {
const module_fn = typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.Function).?.func;
const fn_type = module_fn.owner_decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty;
const param_types = try bin_file.allocator.alloc(Type, fn_type.fnParamLen());
defer bin_file.allocator.free(param_types);
fn_type.fnParamTypes(param_types);
// A parameter may be broken into multiple machine code parameters, so we don't
// know the size up front.
var mc_args = try std.ArrayList(Function.MCValue).initCapacity(bin_file.allocator, param_types.len);
defer mc_args.deinit();
var next_stack_offset: u64 = 0;
switch (fn_type.fnCallingConvention()) {
.Naked => assert(mc_args.items.len == 0),
.Unspecified, .C => {
// Prepare the function parameters
switch (bin_file.options.target.cpu.arch) {
.x86_64 => {
const integer_registers = [_]Reg(.x86_64){ .rdi, .rsi, .rdx, .rcx, .r8, .r9 };
var next_int_reg: usize = 0;
for (param_types) |param_type, src_i| {
switch (param_type.zigTypeTag()) {
.Bool, .Int => {
if (next_int_reg >= integer_registers.len) {
try mc_args.append(.{ .stack_offset = next_stack_offset });
next_stack_offset += param_type.abiSize(bin_file.options.target);
} else {
try mc_args.append(.{ .register = @enumToInt(integer_registers[next_int_reg]) });
next_int_reg += 1;
}
},
else => return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement function parameters of type {}",
.{@tagName(param_type.zigTypeTag())},
),
},
}
}
},
else => return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement function parameters for {}",
.{bin_file.options.target.cpu.arch},
),
},
}
},
else => return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement {} calling convention",
.{fn_type.fnCallingConvention()},
),
},
}
var function = Function{
.target = &bin_file.options.target,
.bin_file = bin_file,
.mod_fn = module_fn,
.code = code,
.inst_table = std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst, Function.MCValue).init(bin_file.allocator),
.err_msg = null,
.args = mc_args.items,
};
defer function.inst_table.deinit();
function.gen() catch |err| switch (err) {
error.CodegenFail => return Result{ .fail = function.err_msg.? },
else => |e| return e,
};
if (function.err_msg) |em| {
return Result{ .fail = em };
} else {
return Result{ .appended = {} };
}
},
.Array => {
if (typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.Bytes)) |payload| {
if (typed_value.ty.arraySentinel()) |sentinel| {
try code.ensureCapacity(code.items.len + payload.data.len + 1);
code.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(payload.data);
const prev_len = code.items.len;
switch (try generateSymbol(bin_file, src, .{
.ty = typed_value.ty.elemType(),
.val = sentinel,
}, code)) {
.appended => return Result{ .appended = {} },
.externally_managed => |slice| {
code.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(slice);
return Result{ .appended = {} };
},
.fail => |em| return Result{ .fail = em },
}
} else {
return Result{ .externally_managed = payload.data };
}
}
return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement generateSymbol for more kinds of arrays",
.{},
),
};
},
.Pointer => {
if (typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.DeclRef)) |payload| {
const decl = payload.decl;
if (decl.analysis != .complete) return error.AnalysisFail;
assert(decl.link.local_sym_index != 0);
// TODO handle the dependency of this symbol on the decl's vaddr.
// If the decl changes vaddr, then this symbol needs to get regenerated.
const vaddr = bin_file.local_symbols.items[decl.link.local_sym_index].st_value;
const endian = bin_file.options.target.cpu.arch.endian();
switch (bin_file.ptr_width) {
.p32 => {
try code.resize(4);
mem.writeInt(u32, code.items[0..4], @intCast(u32, vaddr), endian);
},
.p64 => {
try code.resize(8);
mem.writeInt(u64, code.items[0..8], vaddr, endian);
},
}
return Result{ .appended = {} };
}
return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement generateSymbol for pointer {}",
.{typed_value.val},
),
};
},
.Int => {
const info = typed_value.ty.intInfo(bin_file.options.target);
if (info.bits == 8 and !info.signed) {
const x = typed_value.val.toUnsignedInt();
try code.append(@intCast(u8, x));
return Result{ .appended = {} };
}
return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement generateSymbol for int type '{}'",
.{typed_value.ty},
),
};
},
else => |t| {
return Result{
.fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
bin_file.allocator,
src,
"TODO implement generateSymbol for type '{}'",
.{@tagName(t)},
),
};
},
}
}
const Function = struct {
bin_file: *link.ElfFile,
target: *const std.Target,
mod_fn: *const Module.Fn,
code: *std.ArrayList(u8),
inst_table: std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst, MCValue),
err_msg: ?*ErrorMsg,
args: []MCValue,
const MCValue = union(enum) {
none,
unreach,
/// A pointer-sized integer that fits in a register.
immediate: u64,
/// The constant was emitted into the code, at this offset.
embedded_in_code: usize,
/// The value is in a target-specific register. The value can
/// be @intToEnum casted to the respective Reg enum.
register: usize,
/// The value is in memory at a hard-coded address.
memory: u64,
/// The value is one of the stack variables.
stack_offset: u64,
};
fn gen(self: *Function) !void {
switch (self.target.cpu.arch) {
.arm => return self.genArch(.arm),
.armeb => return self.genArch(.armeb),
.aarch64 => return self.genArch(.aarch64),
.aarch64_be => return self.genArch(.aarch64_be),
.aarch64_32 => return self.genArch(.aarch64_32),
.arc => return self.genArch(.arc),
.avr => return self.genArch(.avr),
.bpfel => return self.genArch(.bpfel),
.bpfeb => return self.genArch(.bpfeb),
.hexagon => return self.genArch(.hexagon),
.mips => return self.genArch(.mips),
.mipsel => return self.genArch(.mipsel),
.mips64 => return self.genArch(.mips64),
.mips64el => return self.genArch(.mips64el),
.msp430 => return self.genArch(.msp430),
.powerpc => return self.genArch(.powerpc),
.powerpc64 => return self.genArch(.powerpc64),
.powerpc64le => return self.genArch(.powerpc64le),
.r600 => return self.genArch(.r600),
.amdgcn => return self.genArch(.amdgcn),
.riscv32 => return self.genArch(.riscv32),
.riscv64 => return self.genArch(.riscv64),
.sparc => return self.genArch(.sparc),
.sparcv9 => return self.genArch(.sparcv9),
.sparcel => return self.genArch(.sparcel),
.s390x => return self.genArch(.s390x),
.tce => return self.genArch(.tce),
.tcele => return self.genArch(.tcele),
.thumb => return self.genArch(.thumb),
.thumbeb => return self.genArch(.thumbeb),
.i386 => return self.genArch(.i386),
.x86_64 => return self.genArch(.x86_64),
.xcore => return self.genArch(.xcore),
.nvptx => return self.genArch(.nvptx),
.nvptx64 => return self.genArch(.nvptx64),
.le32 => return self.genArch(.le32),
.le64 => return self.genArch(.le64),
.amdil => return self.genArch(.amdil),
.amdil64 => return self.genArch(.amdil64),
.hsail => return self.genArch(.hsail),
.hsail64 => return self.genArch(.hsail64),
.spir => return self.genArch(.spir),
.spir64 => return self.genArch(.spir64),
.kalimba => return self.genArch(.kalimba),
.shave => return self.genArch(.shave),
.lanai => return self.genArch(.lanai),
.wasm32 => return self.genArch(.wasm32),
.wasm64 => return self.genArch(.wasm64),
.renderscript32 => return self.genArch(.renderscript32),
.renderscript64 => return self.genArch(.renderscript64),
.ve => return self.genArch(.ve),
}
}
fn genArch(self: *Function, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !void {
for (self.mod_fn.analysis.success.instructions) |inst| {
const new_inst = try self.genFuncInst(inst, arch);
try self.inst_table.putNoClobber(inst, new_inst);
}
}
fn genFuncInst(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (inst.tag) {
.add => return self.genAdd(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Add).?, arch),
.arg => return self.genArg(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Arg).?),
.block => return self.genBlock(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Block).?, arch),
.breakpoint => return self.genBreakpoint(inst.src, arch),
.call => return self.genCall(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Call).?, arch),
.unreach => return MCValue{ .unreach = {} },
.constant => unreachable, // excluded from function bodies
.assembly => return self.genAsm(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Assembly).?, arch),
.ptrtoint => return self.genPtrToInt(inst.cast(ir.Inst.PtrToInt).?),
.bitcast => return self.genBitCast(inst.cast(ir.Inst.BitCast).?),
.ret => return self.genRet(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Ret).?, arch),
.retvoid => return self.genRetVoid(inst.cast(ir.Inst.RetVoid).?, arch),
.cmp => return self.genCmp(inst.cast(ir.Inst.Cmp).?, arch),
.condbr => return self.genCondBr(inst.cast(ir.Inst.CondBr).?, arch),
.isnull => return self.genIsNull(inst.cast(ir.Inst.IsNull).?, arch),
.isnonnull => return self.genIsNonNull(inst.cast(ir.Inst.IsNonNull).?, arch),
}
}
fn genAdd(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Add, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
const lhs = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.lhs);
const rhs = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.rhs);
switch (arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
// const lhs_reg = try self.instAsReg(lhs);
// const rhs_reg = try self.instAsReg(rhs);
// const result = try self.allocateReg();
// try self.code.append(??);
// lhs_reg.release();
// rhs_reg.release();
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement register allocation", .{});
},
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement add for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genArg(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Arg) !MCValue {
return self.args[inst.args.index];
}
fn genBreakpoint(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
try self.code.append(0xcc); // int3
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement @breakpoint() for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
return .none;
}
fn genCall(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Call, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
.x86_64, .i386 => {
if (inst.args.func.cast(ir.Inst.Constant)) |func_inst| {
if (inst.args.args.len != 0) {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement call with more than 0 parameters", .{});
}
if (func_inst.val.cast(Value.Payload.Function)) |func_val| {
const func = func_val.func;
const got = &self.bin_file.program_headers.items[self.bin_file.phdr_got_index.?];
const ptr_bits = self.target.cpu.arch.ptrBitWidth();
const ptr_bytes: u64 = @divExact(ptr_bits, 8);
const got_addr = @intCast(u32, got.p_vaddr + func.owner_decl.link.offset_table_index * ptr_bytes);
// ff 14 25 xx xx xx xx call [addr]
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 7);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 7 ..][0..3].* = [3]u8{ 0xff, 0x14, 0x25 };
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4], got_addr);
const return_type = func.owner_decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty.fnReturnType();
switch (return_type.zigTypeTag()) {
.Void => return MCValue{ .none = {} },
.NoReturn => return MCValue{ .unreach = {} },
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement fn call with non-void return value", .{}),
}
} else {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement calling weird function values", .{});
}
} else {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement calling runtime known function pointer", .{});
}
},
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement call for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn ret(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch, mcv: MCValue) !MCValue {
if (mcv != .none) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO implement return with non-void operand", .{});
}
switch (arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
try self.code.append(0xc3); // ret
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement return for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
return .unreach;
}
fn genRet(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Ret, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
const operand = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.operand);
return self.ret(inst.base.src, arch, operand);
}
fn genRetVoid(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.RetVoid, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
return self.ret(inst.base.src, arch, .none);
}
fn genCmp(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Cmp, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement cmp for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genCondBr(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.CondBr, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement condbr for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genIsNull(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.IsNull, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement isnull for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genIsNonNull(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.IsNonNull, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
// Here you can specialize this instruction if it makes sense to, otherwise the default
// will call genIsNull and invert the result.
switch (arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO call genIsNull and invert the result ", .{}),
}
}
fn genRelativeFwdJump(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch, amount: u32) !void {
switch (arch) {
.i386, .x86_64 => {
// TODO x86 treats the operands as signed
if (amount <= std.math.maxInt(u8)) {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 2);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 2] = 0xeb;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 1] = @intCast(u8, amount);
} else {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xe9; // jmp rel32
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, amount);
}
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement relative forward jump for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genBlock(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Block, comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
switch (arch) {
else => return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement codegen Block for {}", .{self.target.cpu.arch}),
}
}
fn genAsm(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.Assembly, comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch) !MCValue {
if (arch != .x86_64 and arch != .i386) {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement inline asm support for more architectures", .{});
}
for (inst.args.inputs) |input, i| {
if (input.len < 3 or input[0] != '{' or input[input.len - 1] != '}') {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm input constraint: '{}'", .{input});
}
const reg_name = input[1 .. input.len - 1];
const reg = parseRegName(arch, reg_name) orelse
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
const arg = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.args[i]);
try self.genSetReg(inst.base.src, arch, reg, arg);
}
if (mem.eql(u8, inst.args.asm_source, "syscall")) {
try self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x0f, 0x05 });
} else {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "TODO implement support for more x86 assembly instructions", .{});
}
if (inst.args.output) |output| {
if (output.len < 4 or output[0] != '=' or output[1] != '{' or output[output.len - 1] != '}') {
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized asm output constraint: '{}'", .{output});
}
const reg_name = output[2 .. output.len - 1];
const reg = parseRegName(arch, reg_name) orelse
return self.fail(inst.base.src, "unrecognized register: '{}'", .{reg_name});
return MCValue{ .register = @enumToInt(reg) };
} else {
return MCValue.none;
}
}
/// Encodes a REX prefix as specified, and appends it to the instruction
/// stream. This only modifies the instruction stream if at least one bit
/// is set true, which has a few implications:
///
/// * The length of the instruction buffer will be modified *if* the
/// resulting REX is meaningful, but will remain the same if it is not.
/// * Deliberately inserting a "meaningless REX" requires explicit usage of
/// 0x40, and cannot be done via this function.
fn REX(self: *Function, arg: struct { B: bool = false, W: bool = false, X: bool = false, R: bool = false }) !void {
// From section 2.2.1.2 of the manual, REX is encoded as b0100WRXB.
var value: u8 = 0x40;
if (arg.B) {
value |= 0x1;
}
if (arg.X) {
value |= 0x2;
}
if (arg.R) {
value |= 0x4;
}
if (arg.W) {
value |= 0x8;
}
if (value != 0x40) {
try self.code.append(value);
}
}
fn genSetReg(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch, reg: Reg(arch), mcv: MCValue) error{ CodegenFail, OutOfMemory }!void {
switch (arch) {
.x86_64 => switch (mcv) {
.none, .unreach => unreachable,
.immediate => |x| {
if (reg.size() != 64) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO decide whether to implement non-64-bit loads", .{});
}
// 32-bit moves zero-extend to 64-bit, so xoring the 32-bit
// register is the fastest way to zero a register.
if (x == 0) {
// The encoding for `xor r32, r32` is `0x31 /r`.
// Section 3.1.1.1 of the Intel x64 Manual states that "/r indicates that the
// ModR/M byte of the instruction contains a register operand and an r/m operand."
//
// R/M bytes are composed of two bits for the mode, then three bits for the register,
// then three bits for the operand. Since we're zeroing a register, the two three-bit
// values will be identical, and the mode is three (the raw register value).
//
// If we're accessing e.g. r8d, we need to use a REX prefix before the actual operation. Since
// this is a 32-bit operation, the W flag is set to zero. X is also zero, as we're not using a SIB.
// Both R and B are set, as we're extending, in effect, the register bits *and* the operand.
try self.REX(.{ .R = reg.isExtended(), .B = reg.isExtended() });
const id = @as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111);
return self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{
0x31, 0xC0 | id << 3 | id,
});
}
if (x <= std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
// Next best case: if we set the lower four bytes, the upper four will be zeroed.
//
// The encoding for `mov IMM32 -> REG` is (0xB8 + R) IMM.
if (reg.isExtended()) {
// Just as with XORing, we need a REX prefix. This time though, we only
// need the B bit set, as we're extending the opcode's register field,
// and there is no Mod R/M byte.
//
// Thus, we need b01000001, or 0x41.
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 6);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 6] = 0x41;
} else {
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 5);
}
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0xB8 | @as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111);
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, @intCast(u32, x));
return;
}
// Worst case: we need to load the 64-bit register with the IMM. GNU's assemblers calls
// this `movabs`, though this is officially just a different variant of the plain `mov`
// instruction.
//
// This encoding is, in fact, the *same* as the one used for 32-bit loads. The only
// difference is that we set REX.W before the instruction, which extends the load to
// 64-bit and uses the full bit-width of the register.
//
// Since we always need a REX here, let's just check if we also need to set REX.B.
//
// In this case, the encoding of the REX byte is 0b0100100B
try self.REX(.{ .W = true, .B = reg.isExtended() });
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 9);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 9] = 0xB8 | @as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111);
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 8 ..][0..8];
mem.writeIntLittle(u64, imm_ptr, x);
},
.embedded_in_code => |code_offset| {
if (reg.size() != 64) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO decide whether to implement non-64-bit loads", .{});
}
// We need the offset from RIP in a signed i32 twos complement.
// The instruction is 7 bytes long and RIP points to the next instruction.
//
// 64-bit LEA is encoded as REX.W 8D /r. If the register is extended, the REX byte is modified,
// but the operation size is unchanged. Since we're using a disp32, we want mode 0 and lower three
// bits as five.
// REX 0x8D 0b00RRR101, where RRR is the lower three bits of the id.
try self.REX(.{ .W = true, .B = reg.isExtended() });
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 6);
const rip = self.code.items.len;
const big_offset = @intCast(i64, code_offset) - @intCast(i64, rip);
const offset = @intCast(i32, big_offset);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 6] = 0x8D;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0b101 | (@as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111) << 3);
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(i32, imm_ptr, offset);
},
.register => |r| {
if (reg.size() != 64) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO decide whether to implement non-64-bit loads", .{});
}
const src_reg = @intToEnum(Reg(arch), @intCast(u8, r));
// This is a variant of 8B /r. Since we're using 64-bit moves, we require a REX.
// This is thus three bytes: REX 0x8B R/M.
// If the destination is extended, the R field must be 1.
// If the *source* is extended, the B field must be 1.
// Since the register is being accessed directly, the R/M mode is three. The reg field (the middle
// three bits) contain the destination, and the R/M field (the lower three bits) contain the source.
try self.REX(.{ .W = true, .R = reg.isExtended(), .B = src_reg.isExtended() });
const R = 0xC0 | (@as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111) << 3) | @as(u8, src_reg.id() & 0b111);
try self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x8B, R });
},
.memory => |x| {
if (reg.size() != 64) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO decide whether to implement non-64-bit loads", .{});
}
if (x <= std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
// Moving from memory to a register is a variant of `8B /r`.
// Since we're using 64-bit moves, we require a REX.
// This variant also requires a SIB, as it would otherwise be RIP-relative.
// We want mode zero with the lower three bits set to four to indicate an SIB with no other displacement.
// The SIB must be 0x25, to indicate a disp32 with no scaled index.
// 0b00RRR100, where RRR is the lower three bits of the register ID.
// The instruction is thus eight bytes; REX 0x8B 0b00RRR100 0x25 followed by a four-byte disp32.
try self.REX(.{ .W = true, .B = reg.isExtended() });
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 7);
const r = 0x04 | (@as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111) << 3);
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 7] = 0x8B;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 6] = r;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 5] = 0x25;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 4 ..][0..4];
mem.writeIntLittle(u32, imm_ptr, @intCast(u32, x));
} else {
// If this is RAX, we can use a direct load; otherwise, we need to load the address, then indirectly load
// the value.
if (reg.id() == 0) {
// REX.W 0xA1 moffs64*
// moffs64* is a 64-bit offset "relative to segment base", which really just means the
// absolute address for all practical purposes.
try self.code.resize(self.code.items.len + 10);
// REX.W == 0x48
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 10] = 0x48;
self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 9] = 0xA1;
const imm_ptr = self.code.items[self.code.items.len - 8 ..][0..8];
mem.writeIntLittle(u64, imm_ptr, x);
} else {
// This requires two instructions; a move imm as used above, followed by an indirect load using the register
// as the address and the register as the destination.
//
// This cannot be used if the lower three bits of the id are equal to four or five, as there
// is no way to possibly encode it. This means that RSP, RBP, R12, and R13 cannot be used with
// this instruction.
const id3 = @truncate(u3, reg.id());
std.debug.assert(id3 != 4 and id3 != 5);
// Rather than duplicate the logic used for the move, we just use a self-call with a new MCValue.
try self.genSetReg(src, arch, reg, MCValue{ .immediate = x });
// Now, the register contains the address of the value to load into it
// Currently, we're only allowing 64-bit registers, so we need the `REX.W 8B /r` variant.
// TODO: determine whether to allow other sized registers, and if so, handle them properly.
// This operation requires three bytes: REX 0x8B R/M
//
// For this operation, we want R/M mode *zero* (use register indirectly), and the two register
// values must match. Thus, it's 00ABCABC where ABC is the lower three bits of the register ID.
//
// Furthermore, if this is an extended register, both B and R must be set in the REX byte, as *both*
// register operands need to be marked as extended.
try self.REX(.{ .W = true, .B = reg.isExtended(), .R = reg.isExtended() });
const RM = (@as(u8, reg.id() & 0b111) << 3) | @truncate(u3, reg.id());
try self.code.appendSlice(&[_]u8{ 0x8B, RM });
}
}
},
.stack_offset => |off| {
return self.fail(src, "TODO implement genSetReg for stack variables", .{});
},
},
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement genSetReg for more architectures", .{}),
}
}
fn genPtrToInt(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.PtrToInt) !MCValue {
// no-op
return self.resolveInst(inst.args.ptr);
}
fn genBitCast(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst.BitCast) !MCValue {
const operand = try self.resolveInst(inst.args.operand);
return operand;
}
fn resolveInst(self: *Function, inst: *ir.Inst) !MCValue {
if (self.inst_table.getValue(inst)) |mcv| {
return mcv;
}
if (inst.cast(ir.Inst.Constant)) |const_inst| {
const mcvalue = try self.genTypedValue(inst.src, .{ .ty = inst.ty, .val = const_inst.val });
try self.inst_table.putNoClobber(inst, mcvalue);
return mcvalue;
} else {
return self.inst_table.getValue(inst).?;
}
}
fn genTypedValue(self: *Function, src: usize, typed_value: TypedValue) !MCValue {
const ptr_bits = self.target.cpu.arch.ptrBitWidth();
const ptr_bytes: u64 = @divExact(ptr_bits, 8);
const allocator = self.code.allocator;
switch (typed_value.ty.zigTypeTag()) {
.Pointer => {
if (typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.DeclRef)) |payload| {
const got = &self.bin_file.program_headers.items[self.bin_file.phdr_got_index.?];
const decl = payload.decl;
const got_addr = got.p_vaddr + decl.link.offset_table_index * ptr_bytes;
return MCValue{ .memory = got_addr };
}
return self.fail(src, "TODO codegen more kinds of const pointers", .{});
},
.Int => {
const info = typed_value.ty.intInfo(self.target.*);
if (info.bits > ptr_bits or info.signed) {
return self.fail(src, "TODO const int bigger than ptr and signed int", .{});
}
return MCValue{ .immediate = typed_value.val.toUnsignedInt() };
},
.ComptimeInt => unreachable, // semantic analysis prevents this
.ComptimeFloat => unreachable, // semantic analysis prevents this
else => return self.fail(src, "TODO implement const of type '{}'", .{typed_value.ty}),
}
}
fn fail(self: *Function, src: usize, comptime format: []const u8, args: var) error{ CodegenFail, OutOfMemory } {
@setCold(true);
assert(self.err_msg == null);
self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.code.allocator, src, format, args);
return error.CodegenFail;
}
};
const x86_64 = @import("codegen/x86_64.zig");
const x86 = @import("codegen/x86.zig");
fn Reg(comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
return switch (arch) {
.i386 => x86.Register,
.x86_64 => x86_64.Register,
else => @compileError("TODO add more register enums"),
};
}
fn parseRegName(comptime arch: Target.Cpu.Arch, name: []const u8) ?Reg(arch) {
return std.meta.stringToEnum(Reg(arch), name);
}